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Plumbing Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

The minimum fresh air ventilation rate recommended by ASHRAE Standard 62 is A. 5 cfm/person B. 10 cfm/person C. 15 cfm/person D. 20 cfm/person

A

C. 15 cfm/person

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5
Q

True or false: A Hydropneumatic system is a water supply system that uses the existing pressure in the water main to supply fixtures for small low-rise buildings with a moderate demand. A pump can be incorporated to increase distribution.

A

False

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44
Q

Which of the following types of copper pipe is most commonly used for supply lines in building plumbing systems? A. DWV B. Type K C. Type L D. Type M

A

C. Type L Type L is the most commonly used copper pipe for building supply lines. K is used for underground M is the thinnest type and used for low pressure only DWV is only used for drainage, waste, and vent piping

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45
Q

What type of copper pipe is normally used as underground pipe?

A

Type K, the heaviest type of copper pipe

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46
Q

What are the types of plastic pipes?

A

Polyethylene (PE): plastic pipe and tubing

  • Acrilylonitrite Butadiene Styrene (ABS): plastic pipe, black, used only fordrain lines.ABS’s light weight and ability to be injection molded and extruded make it useful in manufacturing products such as drain-waste-vent (DWV)
  • Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): plastic pipe, white, used for supply in mains
  • Polyvinyl Dichloride (PVDC): (okay for hot water)
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47
Q

What factor is dependent on building height? A. calculation of fixture units B. size of pressure tank C. determination of static head D. capacity of the submersible pump

A

C. determination of static head

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48
Q

Which of the following domestic water heating systems would yield the lowest operating costs for a duplex residential unit? A. active closed-loop solar B. direct-fired storage tank C. ground-source heat pump D. tankless instantaneous

A

A. active closed loop solar A solar water heating system would have the lowest long-term operating cost because no fuel cost would be involved A standard direct-fired storage tank unit would require purchasing gas, oil, or some other type of fuel to heat the water. A ground source heat pump would not be able to supply water hot enough for domestic use and is inappropriate for this application; ground source heat pumps are used for heating the home, not water. A tankless instantaneous init would incur ongoing expenses due to its use of electricity and is not appropriate for general household domestic hot water generation.

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49
Q

True or false. Ground source heat pumps are used as a heat source for DHW?

A

false

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50
Q

What type of water heater is the least efficient for domestic use?

A

indirect, tankless Water is heated in a furnace or boiler whose primary purpose is to provide space ehating for the building. Therefore, to maintain desired quantities of hot water at all time, the furnace would have to operate during warm periods when space heating is not required. Generally, this type of heating system us used in conjunction

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51
Q

What is a stack vent?

A

It is a vent through the roof that connects directly to the uppermost part of a soil stack or a waste stack. Generally, other vent lines are connected to it above the branch line from the highest fixtures in the building.

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52
Q

What is a soil stack?

A

A drainage pipe that serves the toilet

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53
Q

What is a vent stack?

A

A vent that is separate from the soil or waste stack. A vent stack is typically used to vent fixtures below the topmost fixture in a building

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54
Q

What is a waste stack?

A

a pipe that serves only sinks and the like without being connected to a toilet

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55
Q

Which of these is the most important concern in relation to a private water supply? A. fixture pressure B. hardness C. friction loss D. yield

A

B. hardness Hardness affects the quality and taste of water as well as the longevity of the plumbing system. Very hard water can deposit minerals that build up in pipes and on plumbing fixtures. THe taste may be objectionable, requiring installation of a water softening or filtration system.

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56
Q

A graywater system would most appropriately be integrated into a A. laundromat B. office building C. residence D. restaurant

A

A. laundromat Grawwater systems, when allowed by local building and health departments, are most appropriately used where the ratio of nonpotable water needs is relatively high. A laundromat would produce a great amount of wastewater that could be captured for other purposes.

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57
Q

True or false. Drain should always slope a minimum of 1/8 in/ft.

A

false minimum slope of drains depends on the size of the pipe. Drainage slopes are 1/4” per foot for typical effluent waste lines. Drains are 45 degrees for waste lines that are gravity only. For pipes larger than 3 in, a slope of 1/8 in/ft is sometimes allowed.

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58
Q

True or false. THe vent stack extends through the roof?

A

false The vent stack may extend through the roof, but this is not required. In many cases, the vent stack connects with the stack vent above the highest fixture served by the stack.

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59
Q

Water hammer is most likely to occur when A. the incorrect type of valve is used B. water suddenly stops because the flow is turned off C. expansion joints are not installed in water lines D. water flows backward against a check valve

A

B. water suddenly stops because the flow is turned off Water hammer occurs when a valve is suddenly turned off and causes the water to stop, forcing the pipes to shake

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60
Q

One component of a plumbing system common to every building is a A. stack vent B. vent stack C. backflow preventer D. house trap

A

A. stack vent A stack vent extends a soil or waste stack to vent through the roof, and every stack must have one of these. A vent stack is a separate vent connected to a waste or soil stack in a multistory building, so not every building has this. A hosue trap is not mandatory in many codes, and a backflow preventer is not required in any plumbing installations

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61
Q

Several types of plastic can be used for cold water, but which type of plastic pipe may be used for hot water piping?

A

PVDC

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62
Q

What is the primary disadvantage of steel pipe over copper pipe?

A

It is more labor intensive and requires more space in plumbing chases.

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63
Q

True or false. Type M pipe is normally specified for most interior plumbing

A

false Type M is only used for low-pressure piping. Type L is the one most commonly used in plumbing installations.

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64
Q

What is the minimum yield for a private well?

A

5-10 gpm

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65
Q

What is the typical psi of a water main?

A

50 psi but it can vary from 40-80 psi

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66
Static Head:
the pressure required to overcome friction and push water vertically, or the pressure caused at the bottom of a column of water. Measured in inches of water
67
Total Pressure:
pressure measured by a pilot tube, consisting of static pressure and velocity pressure.
68
Pilot Tube:
instrument used with a manometer or pressure gauge to measure the velocity of air or water in a duct or pipe
69
Storm Drains:
drained by gravity and require large pipes
70
pH:
measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution on a scale of 1 - 14, where 7 is neutral, less is acidic, and more is alkaline
71
Hard Water:
water that contains mineral deposits that can clog up piping, cause mineral build up in heat exchangers, and place a toll on hydronic systems
72
Zeolite:
ion exchange or water softening method in which hard water passes through zeolite minerals then salt tank so that minerals in hard water don’t solidify
73
Turbidity:
caused by suspended material in water like silt, clay, organic material
74
Brackish:
water that contains so much salt it’s nonpotable
75
1PSI=
2.31 feet of water -or- 6.895 kPa
76
1ft3 of water =
7.5 gallons
77
Water can’t be sucked up at a height greater than...
33 feet because that is the static head equivalent of atmospheric pressure at 14.7 psi
78
Water Softening:
using a zeolite or ion exchange process, water is regenerated with brine salts.
79
Well Pumps:
• Centrifugal: a wheel like impeller, rotated by a vertical shaft aligned with the supply and discharge, and the motor can be above or below ground • Reciprocating: cylinder and piston with valves (like a car engine or compressor) • Rotary Pump: spiral rotor on a shaft with a rubber sleeve perpendicular to supply/ discharge. As the rotator turns it sucks water and discharges at the other end • Ejector: uses a venturi and a water jet sent from the surface to impel water to rise. • Suction Pumps: for wells under 25’ • Deep Well Jet Pumps: 25’ - 100’+ • Turbine Pumps: for deep wells with high capacity • Subversive Pumps: for small residential, a pump below the water line pumps water to a pressure tank
80
Hydropneumatic System:
water supply system that uses a pressurized tank that’s typically in the basement to supply water under pressure to floors above.
81
Upfeed System:
pressure from the water main is used to pump directly to the fixtures. • Enough lift must be provided to reach the top story • Due to friction, the building height limit is about 40’ - 60’
82
Downfeed System:
used when a building is too tall for an upfeed system • Tank mounted on a roof supplies water to upper stories • Water is supplied from the main boosted by a pump in the basement of the building • Pressure is determined by the heigh to the tank above a given floor and not by the pump • Height of the zone being served is determined by the allowable pressure on the fixture at the bottom of the zone, allowing for friction loss. • Pressure is usually 45 - 60 psi with a zone max heigh of about 138’ (then pressure regulator valves are required) • Big disadvantage is the added weight of the system on the roof, which requires a more expensive structure. • Choosing a system depends on the height of the building and how much pressure is required to operate all of the fixtures
83
Surface Runoff:
water flow that occurs when soil is infiltrated to full capacity
84
Water Infiltration:
process in which water on the ground surface enters the soil
85
Catch Basin:
a reservoir in which debris and sediment from runoff may settle before it enters the storm drain
86
Culvert:
drain or channel that permits the passage of water below ground. Typically a large diameter concrete or metal pipe often used under a road
87
Storm Drain:
underground conduit used to carry rainwater from a catch basin to a body of water
88
Drywell:
and underground structure, above the water table, that disposes of unwanted water by dissipating it into the ground
89
Drain tile:
perforated pipe surrounded by granular fill used to release hydrostatic pressure from foundation of retaining walls.
90
Air Gaps:
a safety feature, faucets are mounted 2” minimum above the highest possible level of wastewater to prevent any contaminated water being siphoned back in
91
Anode:
a piece of metal placed in a water tank to attract mineral deposits so they don’t form on tank or equipment
92
Water Heater:
tank where water is kept continuously hot and ready for use, always pressurized and rated in terms of volume and recharge time
93
Recharge Time:
length of time the tank takes to reheat itself after it has emptied out of hot water
94
Distillation:
as water turns to vapor pollutants are left behind. Vapor is captured and as it condenses, the water is collected for use.
95
Lateral:
common sewer that receives wastewater only from building sewers.
96
Storage Water Heaters (Tank):
* Fueled by natural gas, propane, oil, electricity * Less conventional system are heat pump or solar water heater • Most common water heating type in the US * Residential tanks typically 40 - 60 gallons at 50-100 psi * Residential tanks typically 120 - 180oF
97
Tankless Water Heaters:
* Water is quickly heated and sent to where it’s needed, as it’s needed • Uses variable speed pumps that run at varying rates * Saves space, but pumps wear out faster
98
Circulating Water Heater:
• Water is heated in one spot and stored in another until it’s needed
99
Instantaneous (Inflow) Heater:
• Water is supplied to each fixture and heated when the water faucet is turned on. • More efficient, but more upfront cost to install
100
Minimum diameter of a vent is ...
1 1/4” or half of the diameter of the drain it services, whichever Is larger.
101
Cleanouts are provided at ...
intersections to allow for maintenance of the drain • Every 50’-0” in pipes less than 4” in diameter, • Every 100’ in larger pipes • Every corner where pipe changes direction more than 45 degrees.
102
Sump Pit:
used when fixtures are lower than the level of the house drain and sewer. Sewage is collected and pumped to a higher level to flow by gravity into the sewer.
103
Downspouts/Gutters:
size is determined based on the are of the roof and the maximum hourly rainfall. Gutter slope ranges from 1/16” per ft to 1/2” per foot.
104
Swales:
V-shaped sloping channels in the grass that take the surface runoff to points where it can be collected and/or disposed of
105
Catch Basins:
ike manholes, but they have a top grate instead of a cover. Placed at the lowest point of the swale, or depression to collect runoff and pass it into the storm drain system
106
Retention Ponds:
an artificial lake with vegetation around the perimeter, designed to contain the max expected runoff and then slowly release the water to the storm sewer system
107
Detention Pond:
temporarily stores water after a storm but eventually empties out to a downstream water body
108
Infiltration Pond:
like a retention pond except stormwater is directed to groundwater through permeable soils.
109
Hartford Loop (Underwriter’s Loop):
plumbing arrangement on steam boilers to avoid rapid loss of water in the boiler due to a break in the condensate return line.
110
Vacuum Breaker:
automatic valve which admits air into a supply pipe to prevent siphoning polluted water back into the supply
111
When is Galvanized Steel used for plumning?
used when water is not corrosive, difficult screw fitting assembly • Schedule 40 pipe is most common • Joined mechanically with treaded collars
112
Horizontal Pipe should be supported at intervals of:
113
3 ft
114
cleanout
115
fixture drain
116
house drain
117
house sewer
118
soil stack
119
stack vent
120
stack vent
121
vent stack
122
waste stack
123
For a roof space accessible by the public or building tenants, what is the minimum height ofa vent pipe extension?
Normally the minimum height of a vent pipe extension is 6" above the roof. For roof accessile by the public, a minimum extension of 7'-0" is required.
124
Which type of piping has the lowest coefficient of thermal expansion?
Glass Glass has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 8.5 iron: 11.8 copper: 17 PVC:52
125
What is the primary disadvantage of a circulating hot water system?
Increased heat loss through the hot water pipe as it is always kept hot 24 hrs a day.
126
Sprinkler Color Codes (lowest temp to higest temp)
orange (135), red (155), yellow (174), green (200), blue (286), prurple (360), black (440/550)

Building Systems (9 decks)

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