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Past MSAs > PMHP > Flashcards

PMHP Flashcards

1
Q

What is clinical governence?

A

systematic approach to maintaining and improving standard of patient care in the health system

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2
Q

What are the dimensions of healthcare?

A 
PSEEET
Patient centred
Safe
Equitable
Efficient
Effective
Timely
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3
Q

What are the 3 divisions of dental healthcare in NHS Scotland?

A

Primary care - gdp
Public - community
Secondary care - hospital

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4
Q

How many hour of CPD needed per cycle

A

Under new Enhanced CPD (ECPD) 100 hours verifiable per cycle, 10 hours min per 2 years
+ personal development plan for each individual
+ CPD taken to be tailored to interests and specialisms if applicable

old- 250H, 75 verifiable.

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5
Q

name 6 members of the dental team needing to be registered with GDC

A 
dentist
hygienist
therapist
dental nurse
ortho therapist
dental technician
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6
Q

List the 9 GDC standards for dental professionals

A
  1. Put patients interests first
  2. Protect patients information
  3. Maintain and develop skills
  4. Work well with colleagues in pts best interest
  5. communicate effectively with patients
  6. straightforward complaints procedure
  7. Conduct in professional manner, maintaining pts confidence
  8. Gain valid consent
  9. Raise concerns if pt safety at risk
FIRST
IS
1 L
2 M
3 N
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7
Q

List the 9 GDC standards for dental professionals

A
  1. Put patients interests first
  2. Protect patients information
  3. Maintain and develop skills
  4. Work well with colleagues in pts best interest
  5. communicate effectively with patients
  6. straightforward complaints procedure
  7. Conduct in professional manner, maintaining pts confidence
  8. Gain valid consent
  9. Raise concerns if pt safety at risk
FIRST
IS
1 L
2 M
3 N
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8
Q

what is an audit

A

quality improvement process

review of current practice against set criteria to identify areas where change is needed

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9
Q

uses of an audit?

A 
KLAPT
identify areas for change in
Knowlegde
Learning
Attitudes
Protocol
Training
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10
Q

What is the audit cycle?

A 
Select standards ->
Observe practice ->
Analyse and compare ->
Identify areas for change ->
Implement changes -> 
Re-audit ->
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11
Q

What are the stages of a significant event analysis?

A
  1. identify event
  2. collect info
  3. set meeting to discuss
  4. meet to discuss
  5. change + monitor
  6. write up
  7. seek external feedback
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12
Q

what are the 4 pillars of ethics

A

non maleficience
beneficience
patient autonomy
justice

NoBody Punches Julie

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13
Q

what is negligence?

A

breach of duty or care that results in harm of a patient

an act or omission that would not be done by a “reasonable man”

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14
Q

How long should notes be kept for?

A

minimum 3 years. ideally 11, or until pt 25+

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15
Q

Give 5 qualities patients notes should possess

A 
confidential 
current
complete
accurate
legible 
retrievable
retained

CCCALRR

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16
Q

who sits on GDC board?

A

1 chair
6 dental professionals
6 lay people

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17
Q

what 6 factors make up consent?

A 
informed
voluntary
non coerced
w/ capacity
non- manipulative
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18
Q

8 things to discuss for informed consent

A 
cost of tx
recommendation
alternatives 
risk of tx
prognosis
risk of no tx
details of procedure
length of tx
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19
Q

two types of consent

A

implied
expressed
informed

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20
Q

signs and symptoms alzheimers?

A

forgetfulness, confusion, aggression, poor communication skills

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21
Q

signs and symptoms parkinsons?

A

triad

tremor
rigidity
bradykinesia

22
Q

complications of alzheimers for dental tx

A

poor oh
consent
communication
non-compliant pt

23
Q

What are the principles of the Adults with Incapacity Act ?

What year?

A

AWI Act 2000

BMW- CR

Must BENEFIT patient
MINIMAL intervention
Must act in patient's past WISHES
CONSULT relevant others
Encourage RESIDUAL capacity
24
Q

What is capacity

A

the ability to understand relevant info about the tx (risk, benefits, consequences of no tx), retain the information, make a decision and communicate the decision

25
Q

Who can consent under AWI Act

A

Welfare Power of Attorney

Welfare Guardian

26
Q

What is the English equivalent of the AWI 2000

A

Mental Capacity Act 2005

27
Q

Recommended daily allowance of alcohol

A

Men + women 14 units a week, with 2 alcohol free days

28
Q

What makes consent valid?

A

informed, capacity, non-coerced

current
specific
recent
continuous

29
Q

what is the care index and how is it calculated?

A 
The percentage of teeth with obvious decay experience in a population that have been
treated restoratively (filled).

= ft/ d3mft x100

where ft is filled teeth
and d3mft is number of teeth with obvious decay experience (obvious decayed, filled, or extracted)

30
Q

What does d3 mean?

A

obvious decay: when the disease process clinically appears to have penetrated dentine on a tooth surface.
includes pulpal decay

visual methods only

31
Q

what does d3mft mean

A

Obvious Decay Experience (D3MFT)
The sum of teeth which have decay into dentine (including teeth with fillings which require further treatment), filled teeth and teeth that are missing (extracted) due to decay/

32
Q

simd?

A

scottish index of multiple deprivation

a tool for identifying areas of poverty and inequality across Scotland

33
Q

at population level name 3 fluoridation methods

A

water fluoridation, school water fluoridation , School milk, fluoridated salt

34
Q

how to analyse a leaflet?

A

PICO - mnemonic for parts of a well built clinical question

population/problem
intervention
comparison
outcome

35
Q

give 3 type of study

A

Cohort → prospective.
Case Control → retrospective.
Case study → one patient

Case control: one group compared against control retrospectively to find risk factors association

36
Q

how to make a study random?

A

randomised control trial

computer generated assignment

37
Q

how would you know if results were significant?

A

If confidence interval overlaps 0 = NULL hypothesis

results not significant

38
Q

areas to consider when reviewing study

A

The size of the study, The duration of the study, The population investigated in the study

39
Q

type of study that provides highest evidence?

four aspects of this kind of study

A

Systematic review of randomised control trials - Cochrane review

randomised, inclusion/exclusion criteria, control, blinding.

40
Q

incidence?

A

Number of new cases over a specific time

41
Q

prevalence?

A

Number of cases at a time

42
Q

5 factors influencing deprivation?

A

unemployment, income, education, housing, access to healthcare, environment, crime.

43
Q

benefits of split mouth study design?

disadvantages?

A

:) Both control and intervention exposed to same environment.

:( pt cannot be blinded

44
Q

confidence interval?

A

Representation of study findings to real world population. worked out using the effect size and the sample size
relative to the true population. 95% likelihood of repeat results.

45
Q

confidence interval overlaps of importance?

A

FOR ARR – IF CONFIDENCE INTERVAL RANGE OVERLAPS 0 = NULL HYPOTHESIS
FOR RR – IF CONFIDENCE INTERVAL RANGE OVERLAPS 1 = NULL HYPOTHESIS

46
Q

what is the p value?

A

Statistical significance of results, usually null hypothesis. <0.05 is significant

47
Q

how might an anxious pt present in practice

A 
Negative, 
neurotic, 
low pain threshold, 
depressive, 
fidget, 
sweaty,
 upset
48
Q

cycle of behaviour change?

A

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance with progress or relapse at any stage.

49
Q

primary appraisal in stress?

secondary?

A

Initial assessment of stressor as → 1. Irrelevant 2. Benign 3. Harmful/threat 4. Harmful/challenge.

Reaction to primary appraisal → 1. Harm 2. Resistance 3. Exhaustion.

50
Q

4 responses to stress?

A
  1. Direct action 2. Seek information 3. Do nothing 4. Coping
51
Q

what is burnout/

A

Disengagement and exhaustion. Often negative and dissatisfied. (flashback)

52
Q

4 examples of coping mechanisms for stress

A

Work/life balance, exercise, education on stress, set own goals, know own limits.

Past MSAs (23 decks)

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