POL PARTIES: Cons factions Flashcards
(28 cards)
1
Q
what does ‘One Nation’ conservatism invlove?
A
- aim to avoid two nations of rich vs poor in society, creating a united society where the most well off recognise their responsibility to help those worse off
- willingness to be pragmatic and open to change based on circumstances
2
Q
What does the principle of ‘noblesse oblige’ refer to?
A
- idea that nobility extends beyond entitlements and requires a person to give to those worse off
3
Q
what sorts of policies reflect one nation ideas?
A
- higher taxation and more extensive welfare compared to new right
4
Q
why have modern conservatives sought to describe themselves as one nation conservatives?
A
- to attract left-leaning voters
- to avoid being seen as a ‘nasty party’ & distance themselves from a reputation of the ruthlessness of Thatcherite/ New Right ideas
5
Q
what developments in the 1970s led to the emergence of the new right?
A
- economic decline (Winter of Discontent- ppl no longer trust lab), and social permissiveness (alternative lifestyles becoming more accepted- a stand against this
6
Q
what values does the new right emcompass?
A
- a marriage of neoliberal and neoconservative ideas
7
Q
what are neoliberal values?
A
economics
- beleif in a freer market
- minimal role of the state in the economy
- private competition breeds efficiency & standards- opposed to nationalisation
8
Q
what policies reflect neoliberal values?
A
- low taxation
- privatisation
- reduced role for TUs
9
Q
what are neoconservative values?
A
- traditional family values
- strong law & order
- national sovereignity
- strong defence
- self- reliance
10
Q
what policies reflect neoconservative values?
A
- euroscepticism
- policies promoting nuclear family
- harsher criminal sentences
- minimal welfare provision
11
Q
who was the ‘founder’ of one nation conservatism?
A
- PM Benjamin Disraeli
12
Q
when was the high pt of one-nation conservatism?
A
- 1950s- continued many of lab’s welfare provision
13
Q
what evidence of one nation cons did the party show in 2019?
A
- manifesto pledges to increase number of nurses by 50,000 and to increases available places in childcare to 250,000, for afterschool and holidays provision; more extensive welfare/ intervention
14
Q
what evidence of one nation cons did the party show in 2020?
A
- bojo U-turned on stance on free school meals following marcus rashford’s campaign, continued support for poorer children in school holidays- more extensive welfare & greater gov spending
- spent £300bn on furlough scheme in COVID (going into 2021 too), paying for up to 80% of ppl’s salaries- monumental extension of gov intervention in ec to help those vulnerable
15
Q
what evidence of one nation cons did the party show in 2021?
A
- £12bn tax increase to pay for health & social care, paid for by a 1.25% increase in National Insurance (breaking a 2019 manifesto pledge)
- bojo set out a ‘levelling up’ agenda to help those most vulnerable in soc to improve their livlihoods & oppurtunities; noblesse oblige, bridging divide between poorer & richer areas
16
Q
what evidence of one nation cons did the party show in 2022?
A
- rishi sunak’s gov’s plans to help uk recover from ec crisis
- incl ‘windfall tax’ on energy giants, energy price caps, and other signif tax rises to fund supp for the vulnerable; intervention in the market & protecting the vulnerable- also ensured pensions & benefits rose in line w inflation
17
Q
what evidence against one nation cons did the party show in 2019?
A
- manifesto pledged not to raise income tax, NI or VAT- in line w neolib values & minimal intervention in ec
18
Q
what evidence against one nation cons did the party show in 2020?
A
- Ts initially against extending free schl meals into holiday times- maybe forced into it- felt like didn’t have a choice
- bojo ended the £20 ‘uplift’ in Universal Credit payments towards the end of the pandemic- limited commitment to helping the poorest
19
Q
what evidence of one nation cons did the party show in 2024?
A
- commitment to extending free child care to 30 hours for parents, protecting the triple- lock on pensions, increasing NHS spending in line w inflation- more hospitals and nurses
; strong commitments to extensive welfare & supp those vulnerable in soc
20
Q
what evidence against one nation cons did the party show in 2022?
A
- liz truss’s plans to cut the top rate of tax (on earning £150,000+) from 45% to 40%- lower taxation commitment and pro-business, pro-entrepreneurial attitude
- arguements that sunak’s reforms were merely a tactical plan to soften defeat in 2024/5 GE. Plans also involved severe cuts to public spending, and poorest would have to pay much higher taxes whilst tax rate remained the same during a period of high inflation- ppl forced to pay more tax if previously in lower bracket
21
Q
what evidence against one nation/ pro-new right cons did the party show in 2024 GE?
A
- pledge to reform disability benefits & limit how many ppl recieve them- reluctance to supp needy in soc
- pledge to cut NI by 2% by 2027- low taxation & minimal welfare
- pledge to legislate that ppl can only have one sex under uk law- preference for trad fam values
- pledge to continue ban on prisoners voting- law & order
22
Q
what evidence of new right cons did the party show in 2010s?
A
- cameron’s Ts handed a tax brwak to married oupls, encouraging ppl to marry- neocons
- after eu ref, under bojo, held pro-brexit stance- pop sov- neocons
- 2019 manifesto pledged not to raise taxes
23
Q
what evidence of new right cons did the party show in 2022?
A
- the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts bill 2022 introduced harsher punishments for sexual offenders & tougher restrictions on the right to protest- tough on crime/ law and order
- liz truss’ ‘mini-bidget’ incl £45bn of tax cuts- wanted a ‘new era’.of neolib ec to en ‘one nation’ era; cut top rate of YT to 40% and scrapped a rise in corporation tax that would have allowed businesses to keep more of their profits, and scrapped cap on bankers’ bonuses
24
Q
how did sunak’s gov’s rwanda plan show new right infl?
A
- RWANDA PLAN; anyone entering the UK illegaly after 1/1/2022 from a ‘safe country’ could be sent to Rwanda where their asylum claims would be processed- if succesful could be granted refugee status there; SC ruled the scheme was unlawful but gov intoduced a law confirming rwanda as a safe country, and a new migration treaty w R agreed anyone sent there would not be returned to their home country (or the UK)
- SO key priority to deter ppl ariving in small boats to UK- neocons (self-reliance), law and order
25
how did sunak's gov veto of scotland's gender recognition reform act show new right infl?
- would make scotland the first place in uk to intro a self-identification system for ppl who wanted to change their gender
- blocked by a legal arguement (that it contradicted a past scottish law)
- some said it would protect the devolution settlement so supp the move
- neocons- trad gender & fam values & morality trad stance
26
what value set does wren think influences the cons party today?
- more new right-esp kb
- in 14 years, n right in values/ neocons, but 1n in ec; due to colc/ covid/ coa etc
27
what evidence is there against new right cons infl in 2010s?
- cameron's gov legalised same-sex marriage, seperate from thatcher's Section 28 Stance, where it was illegal for schls to teach that homosexual relationships were acceptable
- 2018- TM 's gov changed law to allow heterosexual couples to get a civil partnership- weakening commitment to value of marriage
28
what evidence is there against new right infl following truss' min-budget?
- crit by many Ts who refused to supp plans
- eg Michael Gove described plans as 'not conservative'- strong 1 nation sentiment across the P
- truss' plans were dropped and she was forced into a U-turn w new chancellor Jeremy Hunt reversing her tax cuts and bringing in tax rises- ultimately seemed truss was forced to resign by her own party meant she was too infl by new right
