Policy and Advocacy

Question 1

Phases of policymaking

Answer 1

Agenda setting
Policy formulation
Policy adoption
Policy implementation
Policy evaluation
Policy modification

Question 2

agenda setting

Answer 2

pertains to getting the problem on the agenda whereby Congress, state legislators or local public officials seek to address the identified problem

Question 3

policy formulation

Answer 3

when policies are proposed to address that problem and debated by policymakers

Question 4

policy adoption

Answer 4

occurs through established governmental processes in which laws or ordinances are passed by lawmakers

Question 5

policy implementaiton

Answer 5

occurs when government units make the policy operational, which requires human and financial resources

Question 6

policy evaluation

Answer 6

determines whether the policy is meeting its goals in addressing the identified problem

Question 7

Policy modification

Answer 7

evaluation results are used to determine if a policy should be continued, modified, or repealed

Question 8

policy window of opportunity

Answer 8

strong support among the voting public and policymakers that the problem should be resolved
support for the proposed policy design
political relationships that are receptive to change

Question 9

Iron triangle of health care

Answer 9

access
cost
quality

Question 10

National Academy of Medicine 6 ways to improve quality of care

Answer 10

care should be
safe
effective
timely
patient-centered
efficient
equitable

Question 11

Title XVIII of the Social Security Act

Answer 11

Medicare

Question 12

Medicare

Answer 12

provides health care coverage to persons 65 years and older. It was later expanded to cover younger persons who qualify for social security disability benefits or have end-stage renal disease

Question 13

Medicare Part A

Answer 13

covers hospital inpatient care and is funded by a payroll tax

Question 14

Medicare Part B

Answer 14

covers supplemental medical services (physician and outpatient)
requires beneficiaries to pay a monthly premium that is supplemented by federal funds

Question 15

Title XIX of the Social Security Act

Answer 15

Medicaid

Question 16

Medicaid

Answer 16

originally covered low income persons in special needs categories such as pregnant women, children, nursing home residents, and the blind and disabled

funded by the federal government along with state government matching funds

administered at the state level

Question 17

Title XXI of the Social Security Act

Answer 17

State Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP)

Question 18

CHIP

Answer 18

covers children who do not qualify for original Medicaid but whose family incomes are insufficient to afford private health insurance

Question 19

Affordable Care Act (ACA)

Answer 19

Obamacare

Question 20

Obamacare/ACA

Answer 20

Employers with 50 or more employees must purchase health insurance for their employees or pay a penalty

Required noncovered individuals who do not qualify for Medicaid to purchase health insurance with federal subsidies to those with qualifying incomes

Individual coverage can be purchased through a state or federal insurance exchange where insurance is purchased absent consideration of pre-existing medical conditions

Question 21

Medicaid expansion

Answer 21

required states to expand Medicaid to cover all low-income adults age 18 to 64 who had incomes less than or equal to 138% of the federal poverty level

Question 22

Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA)

Answer 22

provided a temporary increase to each state’s Medicaid funding due to COVID

Question 23

Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA)

Answer 23

ensure emergency care is accessible to all persons including Medicaid and the uninsured and not based on a patient’s ability to pay

requires hospitals with an ED to provide a medical screening exam when a patient presents to the ED and treat or stabilize any true emergency including women in active labor. If the screening determines that the condition is not an emergency, EMTALA obligations have been met even if the underlying medical condition exists

Question 24

Cost shifting

Answer 24

patients with private insurance may experience higher costs to help fund care provided to those who cannot afford to pay

Question 25

value based purchasing

Answer 25

financially rewards or penalizes hospitals according to the quality of care provided to Medicare patients

Question 26

Title V of the Social Security Act

Answer 26

Advances the health or mothers and children funded through a Maternal and Child Health block grant funded annually by Congress

Question 27

Ryan White HIV AIDS Program

Answer 27

provides federal funds for care and support services to underinsured or uninsured patients who have HIV

Question 28

Medicare Part C

Answer 28

Medicare Advantage health plan

Question 29

Medicare Advantage Health Plan

Answer 29

private managed care plans such as a health maintenance organization or preferred provider organization

Question 30

Medicare Part D

Answer 30

added prescription drug coverage for Medicare beneficiaries

Question 31

TRICARE

Answer 31

provides health plans to uniformed service members and their families