POM L2 Flashcards
(33 cards)
Project Definition (What is it consist of? )
A project consists of (SARD)
• A start date and duration
• A set of deliverables to a client • A schedule
• All technical and managerial activities required to produce and deliver the deliverables
• Resources consumed by the activities
Modeling a project: Dynamic model
- Definition (do/define scope)
- Start (do/Assign Tasks)
- Steady state (do/develop state)
- Termination (do/deliver system)
Modeling a project: Dynamic model
- Definition (do/define scope)
- Start (do/Assign Tasks)
- Steady state (do/develop system)
- Termination (do/deliver system)
Project as a class
has Attributes:
- Start Date
- Duration
has Methods:
- Define Scope()
- Assign Tasks()
- Develop System()
- Deliver System()
Project Manager as a class
has Methods:
- Administer Resources()
- Maintain Accountability()
- Meet Project Goals()
Role
- defines a set of responsibilities (a duty or a task)
Roles: System Architect
System architect
• Decompose the system into subsystems
• Choose a software architectural style
• Select the system integration strategy
Role: Minute taker
Minute taker
• Record the meeting
• Identify action items and issues
• Distributed the minutes to the participants and other stakeholders
Role
- defines a set of responsibilities (a duty or a task)
Responsibilities are assigned to toles, roles are assigned to people and people are assigned to teams.
Role assignments to people
- One-to-Oe
- Many-to-Few (danger of overcommitment)
- Many-to-“Too-Many” (Some people don’t have significant roles)
Problems in Role Assignments
- Incompetence: The wrong person fills the wrong role
- Useless role: The role exists only to minimize damage
control - Increase of Bureaucracy: The role swells unnecessarily simply because it can.
Bad role assignments
Incompetence => Peter Principle:
“Employees who perform their roles in a hierarchy with competence are promoted to a higher level until they reach a level where they are no longer competent. There they remain forever”
-Solution: It makes little sense to take your most brilliant engineer
and have him or her manage people and budgets
#Useless role => Dilbert’s Law
“promote least- competent employees to management (generally middle management), to limit damage they are capable of doing”
-solutions: Put individuals to work in their core competencies.
#Increased Bureaucracy => Parkinson’s Law
„Work expands to fill the time available for its completion“
- Dont wait for the last minute
Task
A task describes the smallest amount of work monitored (tracked) by the project manager (Typically 3-10 working days effort).
Tasks are associated with a:
- Role
- Work Package
- Work Product
- Start date
- Duration
Task
A task describes the smallest amount of work monitored (tracked) by the project manager (Typically 3-10 working days effort).
Tasks are associated with a:
- Role
- Work Package
- Work Product
- Start date
- Duration
- Required resources
If a task size is too large, the task should be renamed into an activity, decomposed into smaller task sizes that allow monitoring.
Activity
- An activity is a major unit of work • Culminates in a project milestone
- A project milestone is a scheduled event used to visualize/measure progress
- A project milestone is visible to the customer
- A project milestone usually produces a baseline
- Activities can also have internal checkpoints
- These are not externally visible to the customer
- Precedence relations often exist among activities
Unit of Work
A task or an activity that contains other tasks and lower-level activities
Project Function
Project Function: An activity that spans the entire duration of a software project. Examples of project functions include project management, configuration management, quality assurance, and verification and validation.
Project Function
Project Function: An activity that spans the entire duration of a software project. Examples of project functions include project management, configuration management, quality assurance, and verification and validation.
Examples of Project Functions:
- Project management
- Documentation
- Configuration Management
- Testing
Sometimes project functions are also called cross-development processes or Integral processes.
Name 3 Meeting roles !
#Minute taker : Record the meeting and identify actions #Time Keeper: Keep track of time #Primary facilitator: Organize the meeting and guide the execution
What types of role do exist ? (Role Taxonomy )
(CoDeMaLi) #Developer #Manager #Liaison (Connector) #Consultant
What is a work package ?
A task or activity is specified by a work package which
contains:
• Description of work to be done
• Preconditions for starting, duration, required resources
• Work products to be produced, acceptance criteria for it
• Risks involved
• A work package must have completion criteria
Explain the Functional Organization (ad/disadv.) !
In a functional organization people are grouped into
departments, each of which addresses an activity (Analysis, design,
integration, testing, delivery)
#Projects are pipelined through the departments
+Members of a department have a good understanding of the functional area they support
-High chance for overlap or duplication of work among
departments.
Explain Project-based Organization !
• In a project-based organization people are assigned to a project, each of which has a problem to be solved in a
certain time within a given budget
# Teams are assembled for a project when it is created
• Each project has a project manager
+Very responsive to new requirements
-Teams cannot be assembled rapidly
What are differences btw Flat Staffing vs Gradual Staffing ?
# Gradual Staffing: • The organization is gradually ramped up by hiring people as needed # Flat Staffing: • All the participants are assigned at the start of a project
