Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio 110 > Population Ecology > Flashcards

Population Ecology Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Ecology

A

Study of how organisms interact with one another and their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the possible terms of responses to environmental changes

A

can be short or long term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

short term response of environmental changes

A
  • From a few minutes, to an individual’s lifetime

- We discussed a variety of ways to cope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

long term response of environmental changes

A

Natural selection can operate to make a population better adapted to the environment (evolution)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does natural selection lead to

A

evolutionary adaptation to environmental conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what happens to closely related species that live in different environments

A

evolve differently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Populations

A

Groups of same species in the same place at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 characteristics of population ecology

A
  • Population range, area throughout which a population occurs
  • Pattern of spacing of individuals
  • How population changes in size through time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Range

A

Most species have limited geographic range

Ex. Devil’s hole pupfish lives in a single spring in southern Nevada

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ranges change through time

A
  • Environment changes
  • Dispersal to new areas
  • Humans have expanded and reduced ranges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Metapopulations

A

A network of distinct (physically distant) interacting populations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does metapopulations occur

A

Occur in areas in which suitable habitat is patchily distributed and is separated by intervening stretches of unsuitable habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ecological Footprint:

A

amount of productive land required to support an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the rate that world population growth is declining

A
  • High of 2.0% in 1965–1970
  • 1.2% in 2008
  • Still an increase of 78 million people per year
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the cause of the declining rate of human population growth

A

increased family planning efforts and the increased economic power and social status of women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what could happen to the population in Kenya and Sweden in less than 35 years

A
  • Kenya’s population could double

- Sweden’s will remain stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is K for the human population growth

A

Carrying capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what could be the biggest challenge to biosphere in the future

A

-Rapidly growing human population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what type of distribution is seen amongst the countries

A

uneven distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

is the ecosystem under stress

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what did the changes since 1700 allow

A

allowed humans to escape logistic growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what has happen to the human populations

A

have grown exponentially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what happened to the birth and death rates

A

Birth rate has dropped

Death rate has fallen dramatically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pictures to know

A

table 55.2, 55.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the quantitative study of populations
-How population size changes through time - --Whole population or - --Study birth and death rates of a specific age
26
what can population growth be influenced by
the population’s sex ratio
27
Generation time
average interval between birth of an individual and birth of its offspring
28
what is the # of births directly related to
Number of births directly related to number of females
29
what can populations with short generations do quicker then long generation
increase in size more quickly than populations with long generations
30
what do larger animals generally have
have longer generation times
31
Age structure
Determined by the numbers of individuals in each different age group
32
cohort
group of individuals of the same age
33
Fecundity
number of offspring produced in a standard time
34
Mortality
death rate in a standard time
35
what does age structure havecritical influence on
population’s growth rate
36
what does life tables show
show probability of survival and reproduction through a cohort’s life
37
Survivorship
Percent of an original population that survives to a given age
38
Survivorship curve
has 3 types
39
what traits does natural selection favor
traits that maximize the number of surviving offspring left in the next generation
40
what are the 2 factors that affect traits favored by natural selection
- How long an individual lives | - How many young it produces each year
41
``` Collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis) ...bird and 2 factors ```
- Shows trade-off between current reproductive effort and future reproductive success - Cost of reproduction
42
how important is the number of offspring produced
The number of offspring produced is not as important as how many of those offspring themselves survive to reproduce
43
what are the chances of survival for larger offsprings
Larger offspring have a greater chance of survival
44
what may occur do to small offspring production
Producing many small offspring may result in very low survival rates
45
look over
slide 20
46
what often happens to the population when there's new offspring
Populations often remain the same size regardless of the number of offspring born
47
r = (b – d) + (i – e) | what does each letter represent
``` r = rate of population increase b = birth rate d = death rate i = immigration e = emigration ```
48
what is biotic potential
When there are no limits on population growth
49
what is the equation for biotic potential
dN = riN | dt
50
dN = riN dt what does the letters represent
``` N = the number of individuals in the population dN/dt = the rate of change over time ri = the intrinsic rate of increase for the population ```
51
The biotic potential of any population is ____1____, even when the ______2______ remains constant
1. exponential | 2. rate of increase
52
Carrying capacity
the maximum number of individuals that the environment can support
53
what carrying capacity symbolized by
K
54
what does all populations eventually reach due to shortage
a limit
55
what does the logistic growth model apply to
applies to populations as they reach K
56
dN/dt = rN (K – N)/K | what is this equation used to solve
Logistic growth model
57
what do many populations exhibit (show)
Many populations exhibit logistic growth
58
Density-dependent
Factors that affect the population and depend on population size
59
Density-independent
Other factors, such as natural disasters, affect populations regardless of size
60
Negative feedback:
Reduce population size
61
Positive feedback
Allee effect
62
Allee effect
Growth rates increase with population size
63
Density-independent effects
Rate of growth of a population External environment aspects
64
(Density-independent effects) Rate of growth of a population is limited by
something unrelated to the size of the population
65
(Density-independent effects) External environment aspects
cold winters, droughts, storms, volcanic eruptions
66
Two factors that generate a cycle
- Food availability - Predators * ****slide 29******
67
C. Krebs 1992
set up experimental plots to determine if overharvesting of plants by hares or increase lynx population cause oscillations in populations
68
what happens when resources are limited
the cost of reproduction is high = harder to have offspring
69
what will selection favor
individuals that can compete and utilize resources efficiently
70
K-selected populations
adapted to thrive when population is near its carrying capacity
71
r-selected populations
selection favors individuals with the highest reproductive rates
72
when populations are below carrying capacity
the resources abundant
73
what happens when resources are not limited
Costs of reproduction are low
74
where does most natural populations exist
along a continuum of r- and K-selected traits
75
What is an example of type 1 from the survivorship curve
Humans
76
What is an example of type 2 from the survivorship curve
Jellyfish
77
What is an example of type 3 from the survivorship curve
Insects | Turtle

Bio 110 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions