Populations - South Korea economic dividend (demographic dividend & NIC → HIC)

Question 1

What is a demographic dividend?

Answer 1

The demographic dividend is the accelerated economic growth that can occur when a country’s working-age population grows larger relative to the dependent population, due to declining birth and death rates.

Question 2

What happened in SK between 1950–1975?

Answer 2

Fertility dropped from 5.4 to 2.9 children per woman, initiating the demographic transition.

Question 3

How low did the fertility rate drop by 2005?

Answer 3

1.2

Question 4

What policies from the govenment led to the rapid transition?

Answer 4

• Family Planning Campaigns
• Education Reform
• Economic Development Programs

Question 5

What was the target for family planning?

Answer 5

45%

Question 6

How much did enrollment in production-oriented education rise between the 1950s and 1990?

Answer 6

Enrollment rose from 54% in the 1950s to 97% by 1990.

Question 7

What did the economic development plans include?

Answer 7

Developping strategic industries: chemicals, steel, and shipping
&
Attracted foreign capital (e.g., from Japan), and expanded exports during the Vietnam War

Question 8

What was the average annual GDP per capita growth between 1960–1990?

Answer 8

GDP per capita growth averaged 6.7% annually (1960–1990).

Question 9

What does the demographic dividend require to be achieved?

Answer 9

• Timely fertility decline
• Strategic investments in education and employment
• Comprehensive economic planning