Post 1867 Final Exam Flashcards

Question

Great Depression - Crime and Work Camps

Answer 1

No work led to crime - Gov't deported foreign unemployed workers - Set up work camps - Watch them and have them build roads - Low pay and demeaning atmosphere Camps went on strike - Ottawa Trek 1935 from BC to bargain with PM - 2000 people, but RCMP stopped. - 1 cop dead and many people injured - Strike leaders allowed to continue, but Ottawa called them red agitators.

Answer 2

Fear/Strikes associated to communism - Lots of fear in Canada - People starting to listen to extreme poliotical philosophies. - Comm Party created. - Comm a revolutionary concept associated with violence. - Gov't made being communist illegal - Act repealed in 1935 - Party only had 16,000 members by eve of WWII.

Answer 3

Against Jewish people - They did not assimilate well - When persecution in Europe, Canada refused to help stating "none is to many" - St. Louis Ship - Jews sold all they had to get on, went to Cuba, told no, came to Canada, told no, had to return. - Canada took less than 5000 Jews in. Lowest. - If here, then prevented from going on beaches and attending university.

Answer 4

CCF - Tom Douglas - Free healthcare - Socialist party - Created Regina Manifesto - Premier in Sask in 1933 Social Credit Theory - C.H. Douglas - Capitalism - Financial institutions hoarding money - Needed money to spread to improve economy - Would print more and give to people Social Credit Party - William Aberhart - Party leader and Ab Premier in 1935-43 - Teacher and preacher - Got support via radio sermons - Promised money to families - Got elected, but could not print money for people. - Kept power due to WWII and oil find.

Answer 5

Maurice Duplessis - Quebec - Conservative - Supported Quebec nationalism - Won 1936 election - Aligned with church, but seperated from politics Padlock Act - Did not allow unions to strike - Locked out of work place (hence name) So many new parties developing and current parties looking for new methods.

Answer 6

Same thing happening in Germany with new parties. - Nazies elected to solve economic issues - WWII started by Germany brought world out of depression.

Answer 7

Statute of Westminister 1931 - Autonomy from Britain - Used autonomy to stay out of conflicts leading to WWII - isolated Canada - Led to policy of appeasement (give in to aggressive powers to avoid conflict)

Answer 8

Japan invasion of Manchuria in 1931 - League of Nations wanted sanctions against Japan - Canada refused Italy invaded Ethiopia - Riddel (Canadas League Delegate) under King agreed with sanctions and said they should include oil. This would stop war. - King overrulled him. Spanish Civil War - Enacted Foreign Enlistment Act - cannot enlist in a foreign country.

Answer 9

King did not another major war - Population recovery - Economic recovery - Recover unity - Germany no real threat - People fine with fascism because it was better than communism - King met Hitler - Nice guy.

Answer 10

Sept 1, 1939 - Blitzkrieg attack in Poland - Soviet Union (pack with germany) invaded Euro's eastern frontiers. Sept 3 - Britain and France declare war on Germany - Canada waited 1 week before declaring war - People supported, but symbolic of autonomy.

Answer 11

After first attacks, nothing for 7 months - Canada more somber this time - Time used to organize homefront and resources - Created BC Air Training Program - Trained 130,000 pilots

Answer 12

Germany attacks Denmark, Netherlands and Norway in Spring 1940. - Rapid advance - Fall of France - Germany attacks Soviets in 1941 despite pact - Soviets switch sides How Canada Helped Britain - Contributed entire economy - Army - War ships - Aircraft - Lent money, then used to buy products from Canada

Answer 13

Boundaries crossed via the air force training program as well as the Atlantic Battle. Atlantic Battle - Battle of sea routes for goods between Americas and Europe/Africa - Germany trying to starve out Britain via u-boat submarines travelling in packs. - Destroyed 2000 ships - Massive losses at beginning, but Canada able to finally contribute. - Overcame lack of tech and experience - Provided 400 new ships and many people. - Provided air support

Answer 14

Overlooked battle for Canadians - After Pearl Harbour Japan went on rampage - Hong Kong had strategic value to Britain - Difficult to defend due to location - First battle with Canada involved - Japan won as Hong Kong governor surrendured on Dec 25, 1941. - Created work camps which killed 550 Canadians. -

Answer 15

Next offencive Canada involved in. - 1942 Northern France - Canadians on Garrison duty in Britain, push for more activity - Choose Dieppe in Normandy for second front Did not go well - Bad strategy - Suprise attack so no air support - Ships dropped men at wrong sites - Did not understand currents - No high ground - Tanks did not work on beaches. - Battle 9 hrs long - 3367 casualties of 6000 total Total failure, but helped plan for D-Day

Answer 16

Canada, USA and Britain combined - Started 1943 in Sicily - Won and Italy surrendured - Germans rushed in to stop advance - boobytrapped streets - Fought individually and blew holes in houses - Made it to Gothic line - Victory - 6000 Canadians died.

Answer 17

June 6, 1944 - No surprise - Planes first - Ships on beaches, not ports - 5000 ships crossing English channel at same time - 156,000 men on beaches - Canadians took Juno beach 21,000 troops This was beginning of liberation of Europe - Canadians cleared North coast at great cost.

Answer 18

Hitler killed himself - Soviets and Berlin surrendured - Germany carved into two

Answer 19

- Ended depression, but did not want repeat of WWI - Large scale gov't control - Built weapons Large inflation - Placed price and wage measures - Official/voluntary groups enforced - Encouraged victory bonds - Managed to keep living costs low.

Answer 20

Minister of munitions and supply - Major powers via War Measures Act - No constraints legally/politically - Later accused of being a dictator, but he got crap done. - First priority was planes

Answer 21

Example of big change at home - No experience - Fell on car company - Redesign factory - hire/train people - 1 yr to build first plane, then 3-4 a week - Elsie Magell in charge - 1500 women workers

Answer 22

Good economy, but war materials over personal took priority - Rationing book provided - Certain number of rationed goods per household - butter, sugar, meat, fuel. - Shortages produced outcry - "no beer no bonds"

Answer 23

Created to coordinate needs of economy - Shift from prov to fed power - Ensure people working in right areas - Encourage women to work temporarily in new ways - factories - Wages lower than mens - Some traditional work - sewing and aid packages - 50,000 women enrolled in 3 branches of armed forces in WWII - could not be active and lower ranks -

Answer 24

King won majority - Promised no conscription Issues with conscription - How to keep it fair - What is our duty - Supply men or material Volunteers dried up and men needed - King focused on unity. - Had a vote asking for freedom from promise - 80% of Canada said yes - Implimented in steps.

Answer 25

Step 1: National Resources Mobilization Act 1941 - People work where needed - Conscription allowed, but could not leave country Step 2: Vote Step 3: 1944 forced to send men overseas - Late in war and probably no effect on outcome - All mad at King, but did what he could - Kept people from rioting and got re-elected.

Answer 26

Focused on early in war. - After WWI we had depression and soldiers had no work. - Cons started pushing progressive platform and "Social Safety Nets" - Other parties followed

Answer 27

- Germans and Italians interned as individuals - Japs interned as group - Asians on west coast treated worst. Pearl Harbour - Canada also delcared war on Japan - Japs moved into camps - 75% Canadian born - Took all possessions - Official apology in 1988 with financial compensation.

Answer 28

Birth of welfare state and economic boom - People looked to gov't to provide jobs, better wages, products and services. - Wanted economic security - Marsh Report

Answer 29

Suggested est. a "social minimum" - People demanding safety net - Protect poor - Social insurance - Children allowance - Came in pieces as big ontaking

Answer 30

1944 Veterans Charter - Grants for servicemen for rations - Based on time and rank Civil Employment Act reinstated - Guaranteed jobs back Veterans Land Act - Give vets land for farming University - All soldiers get free education

Answer 31

1945 Family Allowance - Monthly payments provided to mothers Old Age Pensions - 1927 had to prove you needed it. People who saved mad. - 1951 all get it now. 1957 Unemployment Assistance - Realized they needed it after depression

Answer 32

Federal Hospital Insurance Act 1957 - Assistance to provinces who set up public system with universal healthcare - Tom Douglas started in Sask. - 1967 national medicare program Motivations for Change - Depression - Keep growing population happy - cold war - Many injured in war needed help - Votes

Answer 33

C.D. Howe - Sold factories cheap with conditions of re-open quickly - Open markets internationally International Changes - Brits imports from Canada declined - Canada and USA more intergrated via economy, politics, military. - Interest in Canadian resources - Open Branchs in Canada

Answer 34

During war people put off - Marriage - Kids - Shopping People wanted cars/houses - 10% work force - Ford opened plant in Oakville - Changed landscape - roads, suburbs - 1945-60 1 million homes built - Connected to malls

Answer 35

Higher standard of living and no big class gaps - Low - Higher pay - Unionization - Shorter work weeks - Rich took 8% of wealth, now 50%

Answer 36

- Fridges, washing machines, stoves - Domestic life easier - Life cleaner - Research shows they never made life easier

Answer 37

Feb 13, 1947 - Liquid gold struck near Leduc - Created population increase in Ab - Brought in investments

Answer 38

Economic boom meant more time for entertainment - 1952 first Canadian transmission - Educational shows - Increase in sports - NHL 6 teams

Answer 39

- Wages 40% lower and goods cost more - Talented/educated moved to USA Boom not for everyone - Women and union workers paid less - Rural/Urban divide - rural no electricity - Ethnic disparity - discrimination

Answer 40

Repaced King in 1948-57 and led during growth period. - Increased role in NATO, UN - Increased Social program - First to deal with TV Increased independence - stopped privy court - First born GG Vincent Massey

Answer 41

1947-72 - Roughly 25 yrs General themes in Post war politics and society gov't took steps to protect people via - social security net, - universal healthcare, - post war economy and goods. Created - Social minimum - Health Care - Economic boom (Buying Products) - Better Equality in pay - Technology - Housing - New resources - Entertainment

Answer 42

- USA and Soviets emerging - Brit and France exhausted - Competition becomes force in world events After WW2 - Soviets want to keep troops in Euro countries - USA say all countries have right to economic and military independentce. - Soviets replace democratic govt's with communist

Answer 43

- Canada closer to USA - better military - But also needed to have distance - Hard to do due to Gouzenko Affair - Affair got us into cold war.

Answer 44

Russian decoder in Canada - Wanted to stay after war - Offered Canada docs proving Soviets spying on Canada during war - Ottawa Journal, RCMP, and Dep't of Justice turned him away. - Nobody wanted to deal with it. King referred to it as a bomb. - Eventually word got out and given new identity - Led to 39 arrests including MP - Gov't published and other countries started investigating.

Answer 45

Securtiy on atomic bomb breached - Other countries (Russia) now testing new bombs - Canada geographically between two countries with bombs - Northern Canada strategic importance DEW Line - Warning system for soviet bombers - Across Arctic - 4 to 6 hrs notice - Operation for decade

Answer 46

1957 Canada/USA sign North American Air Defence Agreement - Coordinates air forces in NA - Follows trend of us getting closer to USA - Creates sovereignty issues

Answer 47

- Join/build up UN and NATO - If Canada and USA seperate members nobody can dominate - Canada working to keep peace internationally - Saw themselves as middle power - Participated in founding conference of UN and worked to get USA and Soviets to join NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) - 1949 - Europeans mostly - Focus on mulit-lateral insititutions to safeguard Canadian sovereignty

Answer 48

- Shift from empire to commonwealth - Includes countries who were part of the empire - Canada works to help the countries feel fine with joining - Worked to determine how much power Britain had.

Answer 49

1950-53 Communist North invaded USA controlled South - UN set up force to counter it - Canada helped USA fight a bit

Answer 50

French/Brits against Egypt - Egypt nationalized canal - Fr/Br wanted to use it for shipping - Israel invades Egypt to support Br. - Defied NATO alliance Lester Pearson - Canada's Minister of Affairs - 1957 Nobel Peace Prize - Peace keeping force with different countries to help withdraw combatants from war zones. - Many Canadian Troops - Helped troops keep face.

Answer 51

War about ideology - If thought of being communist you lost jobs. - Canada = if gay your a spy - Deviant behavious so open to blackmail - Used machine to show pictures to determine if communist

Answer 52

1945 gave up dominion status to receive help after war. - Options to join Brit, Canada or Independent - Joseph Smallwood brought Canada option forward Join Canada - fishery - military base - Join est. welfare state - Brit broke and could not afford NFL Why not? - Canada eat up NFL - Stay indep and have relations with USA - Anti-Confeds - Smallwood belittling NFL name.

Answer 53

Vote in 1948 with three choices 1. Keep commissioned Gov't 2. Become independent 3. Join Canada Second Vote 1. Independent 2. Join Canada Winner: Join Canada - Joined April 1, 1949 - Smallwood first Premier

Answer 54

Another thing that changed in post war period

Answer 55

Couples back together and horny - Kids start at age 22 - 1946: 147,000 marriages - Ave 3-4 kids - Economy good - 1947-66: 10 million births Great at first for economy, but later reprecussions on schools, university and old age pensions.

Answer 56

Post war Immigration Policy - Immigration to foster growth of Canada - Small enough groups to assimilate so we don't change who we are. - Started with Brits and Dutch. - No Chinese or East Indian First Arrivals - First arrivals were brides - 50,000 soldiers married overseas. - 1947 Dutch folks as land getting destroyed Displaced People from Europe - 150,000 refugees - Polish, Serbian, Croatian 1962 - immigration no longer based on race 1971 - multinationalism policy

Answer 57

Cheap to build and house lots - Cars allowed for transportation - Mental space for men after work - Focus on family - own rooms and living spaces - Women done working after war - we fought for wives - Magazines reinforced image - Only one car so stuck at home - Housewive role not fulfilling for all

Answer 58

Baby boomers brought up different than parents - Allow kids to be kids - Open market for fast food and such - Ideal teenage image emerged in 50s. The Common Sense Book 1946 - Dr. Benjamin Spock - Teach parents on how to parent - Get away from routine discipline - Men can change diapers and give bottles

Answer 59

Move for better access for all - Prior to war - 3% in university - Better/longer and higher budget - Connected to focus on kids - Boys and girls from all classes University expansion in 60s for three reasons - Baby boom - Massey commission - fed support and not just prov - Cold war -Sputnik - we need to keep up.

Answer 60

With university came young challenging gov't a lot. Two Wings 1. Political and centered on universities for solutions 2. Hippie, individualized, drop out of society - Followed USA - like American Civil Rights Movement - USA citizens in Canada avoiding Vietnam war help with protesting from a distance. - Hated capitalism - Never gave solutions - Wore jeans and experimented

Answer 61

- Baby boom - Immigration - Suburbia - Child Centered - Education - Activism

Answer 62

Conference on North American Indian 1939 - First time FN involved with 13 leaders - Symbol for change - Talks about indig culture, reserve economics, health, and education. - Passed resolutions on last day - Committee set up for publictions, but FN say no, they will speak for themselves

Answer 63

Gov't wanted to conscript, but FN not citizens - 1942 Gov't used war measures act to seize stoney point reserve to build training academy - Land returned in 1995 after protest Centralization Plan - Gov't also wanted to save money during war - combine small reserves into two large inland reserves - sell abandoned land - Opposition prevented this from happening So we see gov't starting to get stopped.

Answer 64

More interaction due to war infrastructure in reserve areas. - Settlers and FN interact - Settlers see crappy situation - Brought more resources to FN

Answer 65

- Welfare systems - not alone - Decreased language barriers - Eugenics discredited - Media advances - learn of bad FN conditions - Decolonization process - stop suppression - Strong Indig leaders with voices - UN Declaration of Human Rights 1948 - Had to re-examine treatment of FN

Answer 66

Trying to make changes - Oppressive laws reversed - Gave authority to bands - Able to drink on reserves - Able to sue over land claims - Started fading out Res schools

Answer 67

First FN Senator - FN voting rights in 1960 - Bands given control of policing, education and infrastructure on reserves

Answer 68

Investigate a new big policy for indigenous people - Found thier economic status was the worst in Canada Recommendations - Give citizenship and additional rights - Created citizen plus policy

Answer 69

Montreal - Indig set up pavilion and tell story - Gov't allowed despite it bashing them

Answer 70

Trutard - Everyone under one law, not seperate - Abolish Indian Act and Indian Affairs Dept. - Tranfer FN lands - Give provinces power of FN instead of feds FN mad about this - Called for individual over collective rights - Would result in assimilation program Harold Cardinal - Wrote unjust Society 1969 - Citizens Plus/Red Paper 1970

Answer 71

Another group trying to change relationships with gov't.

Answer 72

Time of mostly non-violent rapid change focused on group rights and nationalism over individual. - Rural - Strong Catholic leadership - Big families - Union Nationale was Cons gov't -moved slowly After 1960s - Church lost power - State in charge of changes - Economy expanded - Mess media connected them with country

Answer 73

Won election - Replaced oligarchy and Catholic church - Campaign slogan "Masters of our own house." - Expand state and francophone presence - Get rid of outside presence - New insurance plans

Answer 74

Secularized education - Bigger budget - New schools - Trained teachers - Brought up to NA standards

Answer 75

Hydro-Quebec 1962 - merged electrical companies - Big as they owned by English, so taking it back - Brought money in for new policies CPP - Says no and starts own - No subsudies, but money for past prior needs

Answer 76

Mad over nationalization without them - English only language - Push for greater power as a founding nation - Trutard said no

Answer 77

1967 Parti Quebecois Formed FLQ - Marx/Len group - bombed symbolic places - railway, post office - Kidnapped James Cross (trade comm) - Wanted plane, money, and manifesto for release - Got it and later released Cross - Another cell kidnapped Pierre Laport - Pierre killed in Airport parking lot.

Answer 78

After WW2 many struggling to find identity/culture - Concern for all levels of gov't - Connected to media now - Think we are an adult nation

Answer 79

All done by 1945 as war pushed for it. - National archives - National gallery - National film board - Canadian Broadcasting Corp. Previously rich people created culture. Took backseat to economics and politics before war 2.

Answer 80

1. Gov't works to create/implement culture policy 2. Growth in artistic activity: more products/people in industry. 3. Trend towards geographic decentralization: spread accross more areas. 4. Wider definition of culture: folk songs, comic books

Answer 81

Commissions created to look into culture. - Massey 1945 - Fowler 1955 - Tremblay 1956 - O'Leary 1961 - Laurendeau 1963

Answer 82

Focus on "High Culture" - Art galleries - Theatres - Museums - Sciences Went around country holding meetings until final report in 1951. Comm included variety of professionals, but no Indig. arts, or young.

Answer 83

Principle of federal patronage with wide range of cultural activities - Funded by gov't, but no say in it - Canada Council 1957 - grants for art - National TV service - include CBC monopoly, create unity.

Answer 84

Looks at popular culture. What we do all day and have in common. - Television - review programming - USA domniated - Provide gov't aid for production - Create more choices - CTV - sports, religion, education. - Magazines - need Canadian version with advertising. Strategies for Magazines - Money, Competition, Protectionism Tremblay and Laurendeau - Look at anthropological culture - Different groups and how they lived together - Look at French/English and how to make it work

Answer 85

Historian - wrote on fur trade and then culture - Interested in manipulative power of media - Called them "bias of communication" - Every form of communication creates mode to control Marshal - Cont. same thoughts - Created phrase "medium is the message" - Predicted internet - Both show that people thinking of culture

Answer 86

- Immigrants - Regionalism - Two founding cultures - American influence

Answer 87

- Don't like USA military attitude - Every country stands for something - Sense of belonging - Unity - Forming a nation usually requires common culture. - Quebecs argument for seperation

Answer 88

Arguments on what gov't had what power. Quebec mad about no French protections. Hence Quiet Rev. New commission created.

Answer 89

Investigate state of bilingualism and biculturalism in Canada - Recommend steps to create confederation based on founding races. How to make all united. - Report in 69. Recommended - Bilingual districts where minorities made 10% of pop - French/English schools when enough demand - Ottawa bilingual - French/English both official

Answer 90

Part 1 focus on making Quebec comfortable 1968 election - Create multiculturalism - Settle with Quebec Official Language Act 1969 - Students learn both languages Multiculturalism Act 1971 - All liked except Quebec Charter sect. 16-23 added to Constitutions Act Quebec now had access to gov't sevices in own language.

Answer 91

Rene Levesque - Seperatist groups elected in Quebec - Promised referrendum on issue - Created Bill 101- everything in French 1977 Seperation Talk - Suggested "Sovereignty Association" - Indep state, but polit/econ relation - Sov - in charge of own taxes, laws, etc. - Seperate, but can move freely across both countries. 1980 Referrendum - Question - right to negotiate seperation - Rejected by 60% - Trutard promised to change constitution if rejected.

Answer 92

1. Canadians will support Const. changes 2. Prepared to make concessions to keep Quebec 3. Anglophone provinces had own agenda for opening up const. - More prov. power for natural resources and get elected senate.

Answer 93

Created in 1960 as federal act - Ottawa wanted to enter it - Quebec nervous as it is about indiv rights - BNA Act had groups minority rights, but not individual. - 10 yrs before first case based on it - Set precedence for Charter

Answer 94

Hard as provinces wanted veto power - Needed way to make changes straight forward - How much agreement between provinces to change it? - Need 2/3 of provinces with 50% of pop. - Added notwithstanding clause for sect. 7-15 of charter. They can veto out of federal changes regarding those sections. - All agreed except Quebec

Answer 95

Between Trutard and Queen - Changed court system to USA style - Courts can override parliament with Charter issues - Supreme court now focused on Charter issues over Fed/Prov powers - Quebec still have not signed.

Answer 96

Mulroney Tried getting Quebec on board - Premiers met at Meech Lake - New deal made for Quebec - Recognize as distinct society and given veto powers - Provinces also granted more autonomy

Answer 97

- To much dismantling of fed power - Canada fine with Quebec getting more autonomy, but nobody else - Quebec unhappy due to hostility towards them - Indig groups not happy

Answer 98

Mulroney tries one more time - Package offering Quebec distinct society. - Prov all have veto. - Indig self governments - Reform of senate - Reform of supreme court Country referendum on Oct 26, 1992 Defeated – too divisive.

Answer 99

- After war many women sent back home for domestic work. - Men leaving suburbs with cars make gender division stronger - TV and advertising encouraged it

Answer 100

Book by Betty Friedan - Describes the "problem that has no name" - Speaks of unhappiness of women in 50s-60s - Existance mediated by others - Women began demanding gov't encourage equality - Beginning of second wave.

Answer 101

1. Late 19th century - voting/education rights 2. 60s - address unofficial/official inequalities, lives political and results in patriarchy and sexism 3. Today, not in this class

Answer 102

Pierson gov't created, but not happy about it. - Mandate to inquire and report on status of women - Found 8/10 provinces - paid less despite laws Recommendations - Gender and marital status discrimination not allowed by employers. - 18 weeks EI for prego - Training open to women - More women judges - Qualified women appointed to senate.

Answer 103

Repped 5 million members - Brough all women groups together - Forced Trutard to appoint Minister/Council on status of women

Answer 104

- National Action Committee on Status of Women 1972 - Minister 1973 - UN makes 1975 Womens year - Women could join unions by 70s. - 1984 law created that if men and women had same qualifications for job then had to hire women. - U of L first women tenure profess 15 yrs ago So we have some at home, some at work, and some political

Post 1867 Final Exam Flashcards

(131 cards)