post war challenges to liberal state Flashcards
(50 cards)
what does mutilated victory mean
a victory that comes at a significant cost
how many square miles of mainland was extended for italy
9000
what 2 colonies did italy recieve
jarabub and jubaland
what territories did italy gain for TOL
trentino, trieste, istria, brenner etc
why did d’annunzio start the occupation of the fiume
he was angry at the government and believed only war could rejuvinate italy
he convinced people that the liberal gov had been weak to accept the TOV
when did the occupation of fuime start
12th sep 1919
how many men were in d’annunzio’s army
2000
what type of men was d’annunzio’s army made up of
futurists, students and patriots
why did the gov fail to act against d’annunzio
His actions in Fiume were seen by many as a bold attempt to secure Italian territorial claims that had been left unfulfilled by the Treaty of Saint-Germain, and his defiance of the government was seen as an expression of patriotism. This popularity made it politically difficult for the government to take direct action against him without risking unrest or backlash.
what was the treaty of saint germain
The treaty officially dismantled the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which had been a major central power during World War I. The empire was split into several new nation-states, which included Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and parts of what became Yugoslavia.
This led to the creation of new states and redrawing of borders in Central and Eastern Europe.
due to the treaty of saint germain what size was the austiran army limited to
The size of the Austrian army was limited to just 30,000 men, with no conscription allowed.
why did mussolini support d’annunzio
Mussolini, who was attempting to gain power, saw D’Annunzio’s actions as a valuable rallying point for Italian nationalism and even endorsed his move to Fiume.
why was d’annunzio described as john the baptist
he introduced:
the militia
roman salute
castor oil punishment
title of duce
black shirts
post war, how many italians striked
400,000
what was the national debt in 1918
85 billion lire
what type of class did wages and pensions decline for
middle classes
raising food prices caused what
riots
what were the post war problems for rural areas
countryside in turmoil
returning soliders forcibly occupied lands
day labourers lives were hard
why did some peasents profit from ww1
they could buy the land they farmed bc inflation of food prices enabled them to make more money for their food
peasant owners of land increased to how much
3.5 million
what were the post war problems for industrialists
feared loss of politcal power and influence as well as a takeover by the socialists
resented success of PSI parties in gaining power
felt like lower classes were encroaching on power that should belong to the elites
what were the post war problems for middle classes
feared a red threat
self employed didnt have powerful trade unions
inflation meant savings were devalued
extra tax pressure
angry at gov
turnt to facism
what was a red threat
ferred to the perceived danger posed by socialist, communist, and left-wing revolutionary movements
whats the sacchi law 1919
gave the police and local authorities enhanced powers to arrest individuals suspected of being involved in subversive activities.
it also contributed to the political environment in which Fascism could rise, as the Fascists portrayed themselves as the defenders of order against the so-called “Red Threat.”
women had to work
