Posterior abdominal wall and viscera

Question 1

organs located on posterior abdominal wall around T12-L3 lateral to vertebrae

Answer 1

kidneys

Question 2

These structures are located lateral to the lumbar vertebrae and travel inferiorly over the psoas major muscle to enter the pelvic cavity

Answer 2

ureters

Question 3

The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left kidney due to the

Answer 3

liver

Question 4

The renal artery/vein supplies/drains the ____, ____, and ____

Answer 4

kidneys, ureters, suprarenal gland

Question 5

The renal arteries branch off of the

Answer 5

abdominal aorta

Question 6

The renal veins drain into the

Answer 6

IVC

Question 7

This organ is located within the pelvic cavity, directly posterior to the pubic bones, and can move up in the abdominal cavity as it fills

Answer 7

urinary bladder

Question 8

The urethra is located ____ to the vagina, and anterior to ____ and within _____ in males

Answer 8

anterior; anal canal; penis

Question 9

The blood from the renal veins drains directly into the

Answer 9

IVC

Question 10

The ____ and ____ are primarily retroperitoneal

Answer 10

kidneys and ureters

Question 11

The ____, _____, and ____ are subperitoneal

Answer 11

urinary bladder, ends of ureters, and urethra

Question 12

The ____ fat and ____ is around the actual kidney

Answer 12

perirenal fat and renal fascia

Question 13

The _____ fat is attached to the abdominal wall, outside of the renal fascia

Answer 13

pararenal

Question 14

The connective tissue surrounding the kidney

Answer 14

renal capsule

Question 15

The renal ___ is the opening where the renal artery and vein enter and the renal pelvis exits to become the ureter

Answer 15

hilum

Question 16

The renal ___ is the space internal to the renal hilum where the renal pelvis and branches of the renal artery and vein are located and surrounded by fat

Answer 16

sinus

Question 17

The ___ is an epithelial tube within the kidney that carries the filtrate from the blood

Answer 17

nephron

Question 18

The pathway of blood from the renal artery to the collecting duct is:

Answer 18

renal artery –> afferent arteriole –> glomerular capillaries in Bowman’s capsule –> proximal convoluted tubule –> loop of Henle –> distal convoluted tubule –> collecting ducts

Question 19

The three major renal processes:

Answer 19

1- glomerular filtration
2- tubular reabsorption
3- tubular secretion

Question 20

The kidney capillaries go from ____ to _____ which creates the pressure to drive the process

Answer 20

arteriole to arteriole

Question 21

The distal convoluted tubule drains filtrate into the _____

Answer 21

collecting duct

Question 22

From the collecting ducts, filtrate drains into the ____

Answer 22

papillary duct

Question 23

The filtrate flows from the papillary duct into a ____

Answer 23

minor calyx

Question 24

The renal cortex contains the ____, _____, and ____

Answer 24

bowman’s capsules, proximal convoluted tubules, and distal convoluted tubules

Question 25

The renal medulla contains the ____, ____, and ____

Answer 25

loops of henle, collecting ducts, and papillary ducts

Question 26

The apex of the renal pyramid is the

Answer 26

renal papilla

Question 27

The ____ is where the papillary ducts drain into the minor calyx

Answer 27

renal papilla

Question 28

The _____ are extensions of cortex in the medulla between the renal pyramids

Answer 28

renal columns

Question 29

Multiple minor calices join together to form a ____

Answer 29

major calyx

Question 30

The major calices join and drain into the ___

Answer 30

renal pelvis

Question 31

The renal pelvis exits the kidney at the ____ to become the ____

Answer 31

renal hilum; ureters

Question 32

The ____ transport urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder

Answer 32

ureters

Question 33

The innervation of the kidneys is ____ (para), _____ (sym), and there is visceral afferent

Answer 33

vagus nerve; thoracic splanchnic nerves to the aorticorenal ganglia to follow renal arteries

Question 34

Organs located superior to each kidney, composed of inner medulla and outer cortex, and are glandular

Answer 34

suprarenal/adrenal glands

Question 35

The adrenal medulla is derived from the ____ from the embryo

Answer 35

ectoderm from neural crest cells

Question 36

The adrenal medulla is part of the ____ nervous system and secretes ____ and _____

Answer 36

sympathetic; epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 37

The adrenal cortex is derived from the ____ in the embryo

Answer 37

mesoderm

Question 38

The adrenal cortex secretes ____, ____, and ____

Answer 38

glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, and androgens

Question 39

The suprarenal gland is supplied by the ____, _____, and ____ and is drained by the ____

Answer 39

superior suprarenal, middle suprarenal, inferior suprarenal arteries; suprarenal vein

Question 40

The superior suprarenal artery comes off of the

Answer 40

inferior phrenic artery

Question 41

The middle suprarenal artery comes off of the

Answer 41

abdominal aorta

Question 42

The inferior suprarenal artery comes off of the

Answer 42

renal artery

Question 43

The left suprarenal vein drains into the

Answer 43

left renal vein

Question 44

The right suprarenal vein drains into the

Answer 44

IVC

Question 45

The ___ and ____ are branches off the anterior rami of L1

Answer 45

iliohypogastric and ilioguinal nerves

Question 46

The iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves have sensory from _____ and _____

Answer 46

skin of inguinal region and lower hypogastric region

Question 47

The ilioinguinal nerve has sensory from _____, _____, and ____

Answer 47

skin of anterior scrotum or labia majora, mons pubis, and upper medial thigh

Question 48

The genitofemoral nerve is the anterior rami of ___

Answer 48

L1-L2

Question 49

The _____ branch of the genitofemoral is sensory from the skin of anterior scrotum or labia majora

Answer 49

genital

Question 50

The ____ branch of the genitofemoral is sensory from the skin of the upper anterior thigh

Answer 50

femoral

Question 51

The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh is what cord level

Answer 51

L2-L3

Question 52

The femoral nerve is what cord level

Answer 52

L2-L4

Question 53

The obturator nerve is what cord level

Answer 53

L2-L4

Question 54

The lumbosacral trunk is what cord level

Answer 54

L4-L5

Question 55

The opening of the diaphragm posterior to the sternum where the superior epigastric vessels travel

Answer 55

sternocostal triangle

Question 56

The opening of the diaphragm where the IVC and right phrenic nerve pass

Answer 56

caval opening

Question 57

The opening in the diaphragm formed by the right and left crus where the aorta and thoracic duct travel

Answer 57

aortic hiatus

Question 58

The opening in the diaphragm anterior to the aortic hiatus where esophagus, anterior and posterior vagal trunks, and the esophageal branches of the gastric vessels travel

Answer 58

eophageal hiatus

Question 59

The psoas major muscle, the lumbar sympathetic trunks, and the least splanchnic nerves, pass posterior to the

Answer 59

medial arcuate ligaments

Question 60

The quadratus lumborum muscle passes posterior to the

Answer 60

lateral arcuate ligaments

Question 61

The greater and lesser splanchnic nerves pass through the

Answer 61

right and left crura