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IM 2 > Potassiun 💗 - Exam 5 > Flashcards

Potassiun 💗 - Exam 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Potassium is a Major electrolyte in — fluid

A

Intracellular

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2
Q

Potassium Maintains what 2 things?

A

Heart and muscle contraction

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3
Q

Potassium is regulated by what

A

Kidneys and aldosterone

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4
Q

Increased K+ in the cell what happens to H?

A

Moves out of the cell

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5
Q

Increased H+ in the cell what happens to K+?

A

K+ moves out of the cell

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6
Q

What is our main source of K+ ?

A

Diet

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7
Q

Low potassium causes what toxicity?

A

Digoxin toxicity

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8
Q

Using diuretics with digoxin is an increased risk for what

A

Hypokalemia

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9
Q

Lab value ranges for K

A

3.5-5.0

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10
Q

Water retention causing hemodilution

A

Corticosteroids

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11
Q

Increased secretion of aldosterone is a sign of what syndrome?

A

Cushings

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12
Q

Aldosterone excretes what through what

A

Potassium through the kidneys

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13
Q

If you have higher levels of aldosterone what happens to potassium

A

Causes more potassium excretion

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14
Q

Hypokalemia causes GI loss - what are some examples

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, prolonged NG suction

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15
Q

Hypokalemia causes excessive what

A

Diaphoresis

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16
Q

In hypokalemia what is located inside the cell

A

H and K

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17
Q

In alkalosis, there is less what in the blood

A

H+

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18
Q

When there is less H+ in the blood this causes what?

A

H to shift out of cells and K to shift into cells

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19
Q

Excess insulin moves what into cell

A

K

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20
Q

A patient has severe hypokalemia <2.5
What in cardiovascular conditions should we watch for

A
  • torsades de pointes **
  • irregular apical HR
  • lethal dysrhythmias
  • bradycardia **
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21
Q

What are 6 ways we can lose potassium?

A
  1. Diuretics
  2. Corticosteroids
  3. Cushings ~ increased secretion of aldosterone
  4. GI loss
  5. Excessive Diaphoresis
  6. Kidney disease
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22
Q

A patient has severe hypokalemia <2.5 what neuromuscular signs would we watch for?

A
  • confusion, lethargy
  • muscle weakness ***
  • diminished DTRs
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23
Q

A patient has severe hypokalemia <2.5 what GI symptoms would we watch for?

24
Q

In a patient with hypokalemia you are doing a GI assessment and the bowel sounds are absent what might the patient have?

Study These Flashcards
A

Paralytic ileus

25
Portion of bowel not moving and can lead to small bowel obstruction
Paralytic ileus
26
This interval means heart is taking longer to electronically charge for the next heartbeat
Long QT interval
27
A patient had a syncope episode what might have been the reason why?
Long QT interval
28
What other electrolyte level should we check with hypokalemia ?
Magnesium
29
Why should we check magnesium level with hypokalemia?
Mg+ exacerbates K+ losses so we must correct Mg+ first to correct K+
30
Irregular QRS complexes appearing to wrap around the EKG baseline
Torsades de Pointes
31
T wave inversion ST depression Prominent U wave
Hypokalemia
32
Peaked T waves P wave flattening PR prolongation Wide QRS complex
Hyperkalemia
33
What two things do we monitor in a patient with hypokalemia ?
Cardiac and respiratory status
34
What can we administer to help with hypokalemia?
Supplements orally or IV
35
What is big with administering potassium?
Give it slowly! Can be lethal when given to fast
36
If a patient with hypokalemia is taking a diuretic- what do we need to do?
May need to stop the diuretics
37
What drug is a potassium sparing diuretic
Spironolactone
38
If you are giving potassium to a patient what must you give with it everytime!
Food
39
How is Iv potassium given
It’s diluted and administered using an infusion pump
40
In Hyperkalemia H and K are located where
Inside the cell
41
In acidosis there is more H in where? What syndrome is this related to?
More H in blood : Hyperkalemia
42
I’m acidosis there is more H+ in blood this causes H+ to shift into where? What condition is this?
Into the cells : Hyperkalemia
43
In acidosis, there is more H+ in the blood this causes H+ to shift into the cells and K+ shifts where? What condition is this related to?
K+ shifts out of the cells Hyperkalemia
44
A patients potassium level is >6.5 what condition is this?
Severe Hyperkalemia
45
A patients potassium is >8.5 what condition is this?
Lethal Hyperkalemia
46
In a patient with Hyperkalemia, what in the cardiovascular area do we watch out for?
- low BP - dysrhthmias ** - vfib and cardiac standstill
47
In a patient with Hyperkalemia what in the GI area do we watch out for?
Increased motility ~ hyperactive bowels Diarrhea ***
48
A patient with Hyperkalemia has muscle weakness this can result in
Paralysis and respiratory arrest
49
Peaked narrow T wave St segment depressed Prolonged PR interval
Hyperkalemia EKG reading
50
In mild Hyperkalemia what interventions does the nurse need to be apart of
1. Monitor cardiac rhythm changes 2. Restrict K+ in diet 3. Diuretics 4. Kayexalate 5. Stop any medication causing an increase in K 6. Dialysis
51
In a patient with severe >6.5 Hyperkalemia what IV med can we give ?
Calcium gluconate 10% IV
52
What does Ca+ Gluconate protect the heart from
Myocardial irritability
53
How long do we give Ca Gluconate ?
3-5 minutes
54
What must we monitor in a patient when we are giving Ca Gluconate?
Place patient on monitor for dysthymias Monitor BP and HR
55
Hypertonic glucose and insulin move …
Excess K into the cells
56
NaHCO3 does what with K
K shifts into the cell and raises pH

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