Poultry

Question 1

poultry

Answer 1

chicken, turkey, ducks

Question 2

gross annual income

Answer 2

over $45 billion
66.4% broilers, 19.1 eggs, 11.4 turkey, 3.1 other poultry

Question 3

birth of vertical integration

Answer 3

chicken price declined
producers began to rely in feed company as source of credit
feed dealers began to depend on feed manufacturers as source of credit
feed suppliers and manufactures began to acquire hatcheries and processors

Question 4

egg industry

Answer 4

90 million eggs annually
65% fresh, the rest is for manufacturing of other foods

Question 5

United States broiler production

Answer 5

georiga, alabama, arkansas, north carolina, mississippi

Question 6

feed efficiency

Answer 6

very feed efficient
broilers : 45% feed protein- protein in versus protein out
eggs: 33%
2:1 feed efficiency

Question 7

non-meat poultry products

Answer 7

fertile eggs used in preparation of vaccines
eggs used in making pharmaceuticals, paints, varnishes, adhesives, and printer’s ink
feathers for down
chicks for research

Question 8

evolutionary ancestors

Answer 8

all current breeds of domestic chickens are descended from the red jungle fowl

Question 9

breeds

Answer 9

divided into class, breed, and then variety (based on colors or markings within same breed)

Question 10

White Plymouth Rock

Answer 10

dual purpose breeds lay brown eggs used mostly for meat production
very muscular, larger body size, white feathers -easier to pick clean, quick gains
broilers: approximately 8 weeks old and 5.5 pounds

Question 11

White Leghorn

Answer 11

single comb, known for egg production, angular
hens lay 250 or more eggs per year
mostly white shell eggs but sometimes brown- regionality

Question 12

bronze turkey

Answer 12

black plumage, largest size

Question 13

large white turkey

Answer 13

90% of turkeys are this variety, similar to bronze but white in color, produced in warmer climates

Question 14

small white turkey

Question 15

young turkey

Answer 15

poult

Question 16

mature male turkey

Answer 16

tom

Question 17

older turkey chick

Answer 17

pullet

Question 18

broody

Answer 18

mothering behavior in hens where they are choosing to sit on eggs and incubate them

Question 19

battery cage

Answer 19

a system of housing poultry in rows of cages in an environmentally controlled building

Question 20

beak trimming

Answer 20

the practice of removing the tip of the beak from young chicks to prevent injury to other chicks

Question 21

brooder

Answer 21

a housing unit that includes a heating device to keep young chicks warm
supplemental heat needed, brooder rings, litter for bedding, self feeding, feeders and waterers are hung from ceiling

Question 22

coop

Answer 22

enclosure to keep small flocks

Question 23

hatchability

Answer 23

the percentage of fertilized eggs that hatch

Question 24

hatchery

Answer 24

a business that sells fertilized eggs ready to be moved to different parts of the production system

Question 25

housing poultry

Answer 25

55-75 F is optimal moisture: water spilled, water in inflowing air, and water vapor from the birds ventilation

Question 26

breeding flocks

Answer 26

restricted feeding- maximize fertility 1 male- 10-15 females housed on litter, nesting boxes hatchery

Question 27

broiler production

Answer 27

automatic feed and waterers, high grain diets, rapid average daily gain, feed efficiency important (1.8lbs feed to 1lb of gain)

Question 28

turkey production

Answer 28

require more management, need more space and time marketed 15-20 weeks

Question 29

duck production

Answer 29

fast growing, 7lb in 6-7 weeks, like water- more moisture n

Question 30

egg production systems

Answer 30

conventional, cage free, pasture raised, free-range -pasteurized -omega-3 enriched

Question 31

top US states for egg production

Answer 31

iowa, ohio, illinois, pennsylvania, texas, georgia, michigan, north carolina, arkansas, california

Question 32

per capita consumption of eggs

Answer 32

increased 15% in the past 20 years

Question 33

nutritional value

Answer 33

high quality protein rich in vitamins: A, D, E, folic acid, riboflavin, B12 minerals

Question 34

composition

Answer 34

shell, air cell, shell membrane(inner and outer), thin albumen (white), thick albumen (white), yolk, vitelline membrane of yolk, germinal disc, chalazae (anchors yolk in the center of the egg)

Question 35

shell formation

Answer 35

composed of mostly calcium carbonate (94%) shell strength is greatly by diet of hen

Question 36

grading

Answer 36

grade AA- stands tall, yolk is firm and the area covered by the white is small

Question 37

laying hens

Answer 37

about 18 weeks of age

Question 38

factors that influence egg production

Answer 38

genetic pattern of the breed of hen, hen's age at egg-laying maturity (too young-smaller eggs), light control, feed quality, temperature and humidity (57-79F, 40-60%), replace or molting the flock

Question 39

egg storage

Answer 39

refrigerated 40-45F with high relative humidity (85%)

Question 40

feathers and down

Answer 40

small, soft feathers found beneath the outer feathers of ducks and geese pillows, quilts, jackets

Question 41

top exporters

Answer 41

united states, brazil

Question 42

woody breast syndrom

Answer 42

breat meat is very tough