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Animal Science > Swine > Flashcards

Swine Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

total head

A

china**, united states, brazil, spain, germany

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2
Q

total production

A

china, united states, germany, spain, brazil

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3
Q

united states head

A

iowa, minnesota, north carolina, illinois, indiana
montana ranks 23rd in US

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4
Q

industry structure

A

tons of small producers- low percent of inventory
few large producers- high percent of inventory

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5
Q

integrated swine production

A

economies of scale
control and efficiency (genetics, nutrition, environment, health, labor)
scheduled product flow
branded products
consolidated ownership

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6
Q

pigs per litter

A

litter size increases as operation size gets larger

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7
Q

considerations and concerns of industry

A

economics and cost of production
genetics- performance and meat quality
facilities-many types
ventilation- air quality
manure management
marketing
societal issues- animal welfare, operation size
biggest costs:
nutrition and feeding- amino acids
herd health management
biosecurity -disease prevention

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8
Q

terminal breeds

A

mainly for meat production, sire breeds

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9
Q

berksire

A

black breed with white points

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10
Q

chester white

A

white with down ears, ears come out from head

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11
Q

hampshire

A

distinctive belt

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12
Q

landrace

A

white with down ears, ears run parallel to head -droopy

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13
Q

yorkshire*

A

white breed with erect ears, most popular breed

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14
Q

sire breeds

A

great muscling, growth rate, carcass characteristics, dark-colored breeds
Duroc- red breed, marbling niche, calm disposition
Berkshire- black breed with lighter points, muscle quality/flavor niche, “Certified Berkshire Gold” branding- 1st breed to brand in prok industry
Hampshire- belted breed, large, heavy muscled, muscle volume niche
Spotted- fast grow rate, efficient
Poland China- “

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15
Q

maternal breeds

A

concentionrate/prolificacy, litter size, litter weight, milk production, mothering, white-colored breeds
Yorkshire- most popular in US and Canada, extrememly maternal, white breed with erect ears, has good carcass traits
Landrace- white breed with down ears, large litters
Chester White- large litters

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16
Q

young female

A

gilt
bred at 8 months
first litter at 12 months (114 day gestation, 3/3/3)

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17
Q

mature female

A

sow

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18
Q

intact male

A

boar, meat is not that good- hormones cause different flavor

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19
Q

castrated male

A

barrow

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20
Q

farrow/farrowing

21
Q

litter

Study These Flashcards
A

8-12 siblings born at the same time
average- 10.75 pigs/litter
typical 2-2.5 litters/sow/year
typical 20-25 pigs/sow/year

22
Q

wean

Study These Flashcards
A

remove from sow at 3-5 weeks (12-20lbs)

23
Q

SEW/ISOWEAN

Study These Flashcards
A

segregated early wean or early wean (10-21 days)
lactation is a huge stress- stopping lactation allows sow to return to production
need really strong healthcare for piglets

24
Q

piglet

Study These Flashcards
A

young typically still nursing

25
pig
general herm, often younger animal
26
hog
general term often for older animal ready to go to harvest
27
feeder pig
a weaned pig between 30-50lbs
28
market hogs
hog prepared for harvest, typically 240-270lbs, 5-6 months of age
29
STAGES
swine testing and genetic evaluation system
30
farrow to wean operations
produces early weaned pigs at 10-15lbs or feeder pigs at 35-50lbs
31
finishing
feeder pigs are grown to market weight
32
farrow to finish
a breeding herd is maintained, pigs are also finished for market on same farm more producers turning to this- economies of scale, control, efficiency, biosecurity
33
purebred or seedstock
similar to farrow to finish except their salable product is primarily breeding prospects of show pigs, next generation of genetics
34
integrates corporate operations
generally farrow to finish and have their own seed stock production as well various phases of operation are usually located at different sites
35
breeding/gestation
hand-mating, pen mating AI is very common gilts bred at 8months, 250lbs group sow housing replacing gestation stalls
36
farrowing
heated/ventilated and clean stall/pen to prevent sow crushing piglets maximize health maximize milk nutrition critical
37
important reproductive traits
conception rate litter size born/weaned * pigs weaned per sow per year sow longevity removed from production- dystocia, structural challenges (feet and leg issues) because housed on concrete and slatted floors, old age
38
nursery starter
specialized buildings- heat, ventilation, space, slotted floors specialized feeds- 2-5 in 4 weeks because of rapid growth maximize health during stressful time
39
growing/finishing
feeds formulated to match lean growth potential/proper amino acids space allocation; small group size all in, all out pig flow- growth uniformly to be marketed at same time air quality manure management
40
important production traits
growth rate/uniformity feed efficiency/feed cost carcass composition -%lean muscle (54%-56%) -backfat/loin muscle area -muscle quality (color, firmness, wetness (not PSE- pail, soft, excavative tissue))
41
feeding and nutrition
diet compostion managed to exact standards protein= amino acids lysine- first limited amino acid for swine diet energy minerals and vitamins watering devices water cups reduce water wastage by 30-50%
42
live:carcass
282 lbs pig produces a 211 lbs carcass
43
marketing claims
no gestation crates free range humane certified natural organic no hormones added- cannot say hormone free no antibiotics
44
pork fat free lean index
calculated based on the 10th rib backfat, loin eye area, and carcass weight
45
pork carcass breakdown
ham 21% -lean loin 18% -lean boston butt (top shoulder) 6.6% -lean picnic shoulder (bottom shoulder) 8.8% -lean belly 17.3% spareribs 3.8%
46
determining carcass value in pork industry
percent fat free lean
47
measured to estimate muscle content of pork carcass
longissimus dorsi
48
wholesale cuts from the pork carcass
ham, loin, belly, shoulder
49
retail cut from pork shoudler
blade boston roast

Animal Science (13 decks)

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