powerpoint 1

Question 1

What is energy ?

Answer 1

It is an entity that enables our body to perform/work

Question 2

What does energy have ?

Answer 2

No shape

No physical mass

Question 3

How many forms of energy are there?

Answer 3

Several

Question 4

All form of energy are …………………..?

Answer 4

Intergangeable

Question 5

State the first law of thermodgnamics ?

Answer 5

The body does not produce, consume, or use up energy rather it transfers into other physiolgic system

Question 6

What are the sources of energy?

Answer 6

Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins

Question 7

What does energy transfers into ?

Answer 7

ATP

Question 8

What does ATP stand for ?

Answer 8

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 9

What is metabolism ?

Answer 9

Total of all chemical reactions that occur in the body

Question 10

What is energy stored in, inorder to be converted into ATP?

Answer 10

Chemical bonds

Question 11

What is metabolic pathways ?

Answer 11

Series of interrelated, enzymes - catalysed chemical reactions in the body

Question 12

What are the three stages of a metabolic pathway?

Answer 12

Substrate,
Intermediates
Products

Question 13

What is a catabolic pathway ?

Answer 13

Releases energy exergonic through breakdown of complex molecule into simpler ones

Question 14

What is an anabolic pathway ?

Answer 14

Requires energy endergonic to construct comples molecules from simpler ones

Question 15

ATP energy currency ?

Answer 15

Potential energy within ATP provides for all the cell energy requireing process

Question 16

What is the formation equasion ATP - requires energy ( endergonic ) ?

Answer 16

ADP + Pi = ATP

Question 17

What is the breakdown equasion ATP - releases energy (exergonic ) ?

Answer 17

ATP = (ATPace) = ADP + Pi + energy

Question 18

How many grams of ATP is stored in the body?

Answer 18

80-100g

Question 19

How many seconds of explosive all out exercise?

Answer 19

Several

Question 20

What must the body do inorder to keep ATP ?

Answer 20

Resnthesize

Question 21

What is the metabolic pathway for anaerobic exercise?

Answer 21

Glycolysis

Question 22

What are the metabolic pathways for aerobic exercise ?

Answer 22

Beta oxidation 
Glycolysis
Deamination 
Citric acid cycle 
Electron transport chain

Question 23

What is PCr?

Answer 23

Phosphocreatine

Question 24

What is the chemical reaction for PCr?

Answer 24

PCr + ADP Cr + ATP

Question 25

ATP and PCr are what type of energy systems? and lasts how long?

Answer 25

Immediate | 8-10 seconds

Question 26

What is glycolysis?

Answer 26

A sequence of 10 reactions that breakdown 1 glucose molecule to 2 pyruvate molecules

Question 27

Where does glycolysis occur in the body

Answer 27

All of the bodys cells

Question 28

Where does glycoloysis occur in the cell

Answer 28

Cytosol

Question 29

What is the importance and function of glycolysis

Answer 29

Red blood cells - the lack of mitrocondria so it only energy producing pathway Skeletal muscle when oxidative metolism cannot keep up with increased energy demand

Question 30

What is the first phase of glycolysic

Answer 30

Energy investment phase steps 1-5 requires 2 ATP

Question 31

what is the second phase of glycolysis

Answer 31

Steps 6-10 produced ATP, NADH and pyruvate and lactate

Question 32

What happens to hydrogen during glycolysis

Answer 32

2 pairs of hydrogen atoms are stripped from glucose

Question 33

Where are the electrons from hydrogen passed from to

Answer 33

NAD+ to NADH

Question 34

What is produced per molecule of glucose oxidized

Answer 34

2 NADH

Question 35

For the production of lactice acid what is not avalible for the process of glycolysis

Answer 35

Oxygen

Question 36

Lactic acid allows NAD+ to be relased again what allows what

Answer 36

Glycolysis to occur

Question 37

What does LDH

Answer 37

Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 38

Anaerobic glycolysis equasion

Answer 38

Glucose + 2Pi + 2ADP --> 2 lactate + 2 ATP + 2H2O

Question 39

Aerobic glycolysis equation

Answer 39

Glucose + 2Pi + 2ADP + NAD+ --> 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2H2O + 2NADH + 2H+

Question 40

What are the 2 process of ATP synthesis

Answer 40

1. substrate level phosphorylation | 2. oxidative phosphorylation

Question 41

Aerobic energy system requires

Answer 41

Macronutrients Requires oxygen Oxidative system

Question 42

what stimulates the uptake of glucose uptake

Answer 42

Muscle contraction

Question 43

Achieved by mobilising ............... transporters from an .............. celluar pool which is .......... into the musclur cell ............ ?

Answer 43

Glucose Intra Inserted Membrane

Question 44

Once in the cell glucose can be used for what

Answer 44

Metabolised immediatley via glycolysis | Stored as glycogen for later use

Question 45

Where is glycogen stored

Answer 45

Liver | Skeletal muscle

Question 46

What is glycogenolysis?

Answer 46

Is a metabolic process which glycogen is brokendown occurs in muscle and liver

Question 47

Glycogenolysis in the liver and muscles does what?

Answer 47

Produce glucose - 6 - phosphate Stays in muscle to be metabolised by glycolysis G6P converted to glucose and leaves liver

Question 48

What is a rate limiting enzyme

Answer 48

An enzyme that regulates the rate of a metabolic pathway

Question 49

Where is the rate limiting enzyme found

Answer 49

Early metabolic pathway

Question 50

How is the metabolic pathway helps to regulate an metabolic pathway what enzyme is it

Answer 50

Allosteric enzyme

Question 51

What are the key enzymes for glycogenolysis and glycolysis

Answer 51

Glycogen phosphate orylase | Phosphofructokinase

Question 52

How do we control glycolysis

Answer 52

Matching ATP resynthesize to the demands of exercise

Question 53

What happens to the body when exercise starts

Answer 53

1. muscle calcium ion concentration increases 2. muscle ADP/AMP concentation increases 3. Muscle ATP concentration decreases

Question 54

What allows latctic acid to help with glycolysis

Answer 54

Lactic acid dissociated into lactic releasing H+ ions

Question 55

What is blood lactate

Answer 55

Blood lactate concentration is taken to be a reflection of anaerobic glycolytic activity

Question 56

Blood lactate is a balance of what

Answer 56

Lactate release and lactate uptake in the blood