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introduction to metabolism for sports & exercise science > powerpoint 3 > Flashcards

powerpoint 3 Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What does insulin do to blood glucose

A

Decreases it

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2
Q

Where is insulin from

A

Pancreas

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3
Q

Where does insulin target

A

Liver, muscle, adipose tissue

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4
Q

What does insulin do to glucose and glycogen and glucogenesis

A

Increase glucose uptake by the muscles
Increase glycogen synthesis
Supressesglucogenesisi

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5
Q

Glycagon does what to blood glucose

A

Increases bloos glucose

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6
Q

Where is glucagon is from where after blood glucose fulls

A

Pancreas

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7
Q

Where does the glucagon target

A

Liver, muscle , adipose tissue

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8
Q

What is the result of glucagon

A

Increases glycogon in liver and releaseglucose into the blood and increase glucogeogenesis

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9
Q

What happens to blood glucose with adrenaline and noradrenaline

A

Increases blood glucose

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10
Q

Adrenaline and noradrenaline is from where

A

Adrenal glands and nerve endings

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11
Q

Adrenaline and noradrenaline target

A

Liver and muscle

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12
Q

The casues of andrenaline and noradrenaline glycogen

A

Increases glycogen breakdown in liver and releases of glucose goes into the blood

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13
Q

Cortisol from the adrenal glands casue to the blood glucose

A

Increases blood glucose

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14
Q

Cortisol targets what

A

Liver and muscles

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15
Q

What are the effects of cortisol with gluconeogenesis and glucose

A

Increase gluconeogenesis

Decrease glucose

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16
Q

What are the effects of growth hornome on blood glucose

A

Increase blood glucose

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17
Q

Where does the growth hormone target

A

Liver muscles adipose tissue

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18
Q

What are the causes of growth hormone

A

Decrease in glucose uptake by muscles and an increase glucose output by liver

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19
Q

What is hyperglycaemia

A

To much glucose in blood

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20
Q

What stimulates the production of glycogen by permitting glucose to entry into liver

A

Insulin

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21
Q

What is hypoglycaemia

A

Too little glucose in blood

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22
Q

What is diabetes

A

A syndrome casued by a lack of diminished effectiveness of endrogenous insulin
Disorder is characterised by hyperglycemia and deranged metabolism

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23
Q

What are the 2 types of diabetes

A

Insulin dependant

Non insulin dependant

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24
Q

What is type 1 diabeties

A

Juvinile onset is typical and may be associated with other autoimmune disease

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25
What do type 1 diabeteies sufferers need
Insulin
26
What is type 2 diabeties
Typically occurs in older age groups and with soem obese paitents it can develop at any age
27
What is type 2 diabeties due to
It is due to impared insulin production or insulin resistance
28
Type 2 diabeties pacient need insulin yes/ no
Some do about 20%
29
How do we test for diabetes
Oral glucose test
30
What is the precedure for the oral glucose test
Fast pacient overnight then give then 75g of glucose and 300ml of water then measures venous plasma glucose level before and two hours after drinking water
31
What does fasting do to metabolic rate
It slows down
32
what happens to the insulin level while fasting
Decreases levels stimulating gluconeogenesis
33
Proteins will be used for fuel when fasting untill the body can do what
Untill they would use ketones for fuel
34
Sodium and potassium can deplete when fasting due to
Excretion of ketones via urine
35
however when the bodies production is depleted to lower than half then what can heppen when you are fasting
Results in death
36
What does feasting do to glycogen
It maximize glycogen stores
37
Does excess protein help with muscle development
No
38
What can excess protein result in the body
Amino acid pools
39
Excess fat results in
A storage of adipose tissue
40
What does fuel for exercise depend on
Intensity and duration
41
Carbohydrates are used for what during exercise fuel
Blood glucose and muscle glucose
42
Fats are used for what during exercise fuel
Plasma FFA and Intramuscular triglycerides
43
Proteins are used for what during exercise fuel
Only a small contribution to total energy production only 2%
44
Blood lactate used for what during exercise fuel
Glucneogenesis via the cori cycle
45
What are 3 eneegy system used in sprinting in order of use
ATP/PCr , glycolysis, soemaerobic contribution
46
What aew 3 energy systems used in team games in order of use
PCr, glycolysis, aerobic metabolism
47
What system is used for short term high intensity work
Anaerobic system
48
What system is used for long term moderate intensity work
Aerobic system
49
What are the main factors tha need to be considered when using different places for energy
Intensity and duration
50
As exercise intensity increases there is an increase in .............. metabolism and decrease in ...... metabolism
Carbohydrate and fat respectively
51
What are the 2 factors involved when they have to shift form fats to cards
Recruitment of fast twitch fibres | Increase lood levels of adrenaline
52
Muscle glucogen is more important at what type of intensity
Higher
53
Fats energy solution is slow and will not substain what
Exerise over 60% of vo2 max
54
What fibre types metabolise carbs better
Fast twitch
55
As there is a higher amount of adrenaline in the blood wha increase due to this
Increased muscle glycogen
56
During low intensity exercise what metabolism are used
Carbohydrate towards fats
57
What enzyme breaks down triglycerides
lipase
58
Lipase are stimulated by what
Adrenaline and noradrenaline
59
RER is what
A ratio between VCO2/VO2
60
Name 2 changes in anaerobic systems when training it
Increases level of aerobic substances Increased quanitity and activity of key emzymes that control the anaerobic phase of glucose catabolism Increased capacity to generate high levels of blood lactate during all out exercise
61
For anaerobic system during training what can it result in
Increased levels of glycogen and glycolytic enzymes | Improved motivation and tolerance to pain in fatigueing physical activiy
62
What are 2 factors that contribute to heightened training including increases lipolysis (aerobic system)
- greater blood flow within training muscle - more fat-mobilization and fat metabolizing capacity - enhanced muscle mitochdrial respiratory capacity - decreased catecholamine release for the same absolute power output
63
Short duration and high intensity exercise causes what to happen
PCr depletion Metabolic by production so there is an increase in lactate Decrease in PH Decrease rate of glycolysis
64
Prolonged exercise causes what to happen
Glycogen depletion | Liver glycogen decreases as well decreasing muscle uptake of glucose

introduction to metabolism for sports & exercise science (3 decks)

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