Powerpoint 4

Question 1

what is the sequence for the embryology of neural tube development?

Answer 1

1. Neurulation
2. Neural Plate
3. Neural tube
4. Central nervous System

Question 2

during neuralation, what is created?

Answer 2

the neural plate

Question 3

What step of neural tube development occurs during the 3rd-4th week of gestation?

Answer 3

neurulation

Question 4

Which step of neural tube development forms the actual neural tube?

Answer 4

the neural plate

Question 5

The neural tube differentiates into the ___

Answer 5

CNS

Question 6

What are the four hormones that drive histological changes in the ovary and uterus?

Answer 6

• FSH
• LH
• Estrogen
• Progesterone

Question 7

What do you call an embryo that is after fertilization and before the first cell division?

Answer 7

A Zygote

Question 8

What is the noncellular membrane that is formed around the primary oocyte called?

Answer 8

zona pellucida

Question 9

What are the stages of development for the early embryo?

Answer 9

1. Zygote stage
2. Morula stage
3. Blastocyst stage
4. Implantation

Question 10

What does the trophoblast layer of the blastocyst lead to the formation of?

Answer 10

The placenta

Question 11

What does the inner cell mass in the blastocyst turn into?

Answer 11

the embryo

Question 12

True or False:

the inner cell mass will never orient itself to be on the side nearest the endometrium.

Answer 12

False! It will ALWAYS orient itself to be near the endometrium

Question 13

What is known as a specific protein on trophoblast cells that binds to carbohydrate receptors on uterine epithelium (endometrium) to mediate the initial attachment of blastocyst to uterine epithelium?

Answer 13

L-selectin

Question 14

does in the inner cell mass differentiate into a bilaminar or trilaminar embryonic disc?

Answer 14

Bilaminar

Question 15

What are the names of the two layers of the ICM embryonic disc?

Answer 15

Epiblast layer and Hypoblast layer

Question 16

Gastrulation is the process during embryonic development that changes the embryo from a ________ to a ________ by the inward migration of cells

Answer 16

blastula, gastrula

Question 17

What 4 things occur during Gastulation?

Answer 17

1. Bilaminar embryo –> trilaminar embryo
2. the three germ layers are formed
3. Formation of primitive streak
4. formation of notochord

Question 18

What are the three germ layers?

Answer 18

• ectoderm
• endoderm
• mesoderm

Question 19

What is responsible for organizing the embryonic axis?

Answer 19

the primitive streak

Question 20

By the end of the ____ week of gastrulation, the bilaminar disc is formed

Answer 20

2nd

Question 21

the somite will develop into vertebrae and form from which germ layer?

Answer 21

mesoderm

Question 22

What establishes the longitudinal or craniocaudal axis, and the left and right sides of the developing embryo?

Answer 22

primitive streak

Question 23

What germ layer is the neural plate’s origin?

Answer 23

ectoderm

Question 24

What is a midline mesodermal rod of tissue running craniocaudal in a developing embryo, between ectoderm and endoderm

Answer 24

Notochord

Question 25

Paraxial mesoderm definition

Answer 25

mesoderm on both sides of the notochord

Question 26

Notochord + paraxial mesoderm ---> induces formation of _______ ______

Answer 26

neural plate

Question 27

Endoderm (internal layer) involves what?

Answer 27

- lung cells - thyroid cells -digestive cells - epithelial lining of the digestive tube - forms lining of glands

Question 28

The ectoderm layer (external layer) involves what?

Answer 28

- skin cells of epidermis - neurons in the brain - pigment cells - CNS formation - spinal cord formation

Question 29

What are the two important genes involed in neural tube formation?

Answer 29

Shh (sonic hedgehog) and BPMs (bone morphogenetic proteins)

Question 30

What is the role of the four extraembryonic membranes?

Answer 30

protect the developing embryo

Question 31

What are the four extraembryonic membranes?

Answer 31

1. yolk sac 2. amnion 3. chorion 4. allantois

Question 32

Which was the first extraembryonic membrane to form?

Answer 32

yolk sac

Question 33

What extraembryonic membrane is composed of endoderm and mesoderm and connects to the developing gut via the yolk stalk?

Answer 33

yolk sac

Question 34

What is the innermost extraembryonic membrane layer and is considered to be the MOST IMPORTANT?

Answer 34

Amnion

Question 35

What is the role of the Amnion layer?

Answer 35

it surrounds the body of the fetus and allows it to be suspended in amniotic fluid and protects it from medicinal harm

Question 36

What are the germ layers that make up the amnion?

Answer 36

ectoderm and mesoderm

Question 37

What extraembryonic membrane forms outside the amnion, is composed of ectoderm and mesoderm, participates in placenta formation, and is the outer-most layer?

Answer 37

chorion

Question 38

What extraembryonic membrane forms as a diverticulum from the hindgut, is composed of endoderm and mesoderm, and participates in placenta formation?

Answer 38

allantois