Powerpoints 1&2 Flashcards
(45 cards)
Any adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system by a biological, chemical, or physical agent
Neurotoxicity
What are some sources of developmental neurotoxicants?
- industrial chemicals
- Pesticides
- Air pollution
- Tobacco smoke
- Alcohol
Is the brain of a child or the brain of an adult more susceptible to toxic insults?
the brain of a child
(The developing human brain is very susceptible)
Developmental neurotoxicity causes brain damage that is mostly __________ and frequently ___________.
Untreatable, permanent
Loss of cognitive abilities such as reduced intelligence and disruption in behavior are known as:
Developmental disabilities
What is the current definition of Toxicology?
Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of chemicals or physical agents on living organisms
What is the traditional definition of Toxicology?
The science of poisons
What is a general term for “a foreign substance taken into the body”?
Xenobiotic
True or false: Xenobiotics may be beneficial or they may be toxic
True
Beneficial = pharmaceuticals
Toxic = lead
True or False: The dosage and route of exposure are not important for xenobiotics
False
The dosage and routes are the MOST important!
True or false: Xenobiotics are known to cause many types of toxicity
True
True or false: Some Xenobiotics have to be metabolized before they cause toxicity
True
True or False: many Xenobiotics distribute in the body and affect the whole body
False
they affect only specific target organs
What are substances that produce adverse biological effects of any nature? They can be chemical or physical and may be of various types (acute, chronic, etc.)
Toxicants
What are specific proteins or other molecules that are produced by living organisms such as tetanus toxin? Most toxins exhibit immediate effects
Toxins
What are toxins that cause immediate death or illness when experienced in very small amounts?
Poisons
What are two examples of specific organ toxicants?
benzene and Lead
Which specific organ toxicant is primarily toxic to (ONLY) the hemopoietic system in bone marrow?
Benzene
Which specific organ toxicant has three target organs? (The CNS, kidney, and hematopoietic system?
Lead
What are three three important points to consider about dose?
- Total number of doses
- Frequency (time interval) between doses
- Total time period of treatment
What type of dose is described below:
The amount of a Xenobiotic encountered in the environment
Exposure Dose
What type of dose is described below:
the actual amount of the exposed dose that enters the body
Absorbed dose
What type of dose is described below:
the quantity administered (usually orally by injection)
Administered Dose
What type of dose is described below:
the sum of all individual doses
Total Dose
