Powerpoint 7

Question 1

True or False:

Neurons can differ in structure, chemistry, and function

Answer 1

True

Question 2

True or False:

A neuron can go its entire life without needing the support of a glial cell

Answer 2

FALSE

At some point a neuron will need the support of a glial cell to survive!!

Question 3

What is the innermost layer of the neural tube?

Answer 3

Ventricular

Question 4

What it’s the layer in the middle of the neural tube?

Answer 4

Mantle layer

Question 5

What layer of the neural tube contains cells that forms the epithelial layer that surrounds the brain and spinal cord? What are those cells called?

Answer 5

Ventricular layer; ependymal cells

Question 6

Does the mantle layer of the neural tube contain; neural cell bodies or axons?

Answer 6

Neural cell bodies because the mantle layer contains the gray matter of the CNS

Question 7

Neuralmigration:

Answer 7

Neurons travel to their destination

Question 8

What are the three phases of neurogenesis during neural tube development?

Answer 8

1. Expansion Phase
2. Neurogenic Phase
3. Astrogenic phase

Question 9

What is the name for the cells that are derived from neuroepithelium stem cells located in the ventricular zone?

Answer 9

progenitor cells

Question 10

What type of glial cells are progenitor cells?

Answer 10

Radial Glia

Question 11

Are neurons continuous?

Answer 11

They are NOT continuous, they just communicate with each other

Think of th synaptic cleft BTWN neurons

Question 12

What system is neural tissue part of?

Answer 12

The nervous system

Question 13

What is the “fundamental structural unit”?

Answer 13

The neuron

Question 14

What two things are considered to be nerve tissue?

Answer 14

Neurons and neural glia

Question 15

What are neurites?

Answer 15

The axons and dendrites that branch off of the soma

Question 16

The Golgi stain revealed what two parts of the neuron?

Answer 16

• Soma and Perikaryon
• Neurites (axons and dendrites)

Question 17

Who developed Neuron Theory?

Answer 17

Cajal

Question 18

Who discovered the existence of synapses and agreed neural cell bodies were discrete, independent cells that are not connected?

Answer 18

Cajal

Question 19

What are general considerations about the nervous system and neurons?

Answer 19

• NS receives information from Inside and outside the body
• integrates/analyzes received information
• neurons generate signals; form synapses
• signals sent to other neurons and to effector organs
• effector organs - carry out responses to signals
• neurons are organized into circuits

Question 20

True or False:

neurons can have only one dendrite

Answer 20

False, neurons can have Many dendrites

Question 21

Axons __________________, while dendrites _________________

Answer 21

Send info to the CNS; receive info from the CNS

Question 22

What it’s the Perikaryon?

Answer 22

The cytoplasm of the cell body of a neuron

Question 23

Cytosol:

Answer 23

Watery fluid inside the cell

Question 24

Organelles:

Answer 24

Membrane-enclosed structures within the soma

Question 25

Cytoplasm:

Answer 25

Contents within a cell membrane (e.g. organelles, excluding the nucleus)

Question 26

What are the organelles in a neuron?

Answer 26

- nucleus - nucleoli (one or more; containing RNA) - mitochondria - endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - cytoskeleton - Nissl Bodies (Nissl substance: rER and ribosomes)

Question 27

What are the parts of the neuron cell membrane?

Answer 27

- neurolemma - lipid bilayer - inserted proteins - ion channels - receptors - enzymes - pumps - transporters

Question 28

There are _____ kinds of neural cytoskeleton

Answer 28

3

Question 29

What are the three kinds of neural cytoskeleton?

Answer 29

1. Microtubules 2. Neurofilaments 3. Microfilaments

Question 30

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 30

The structure which gives shape and helps organize the cell organization and movement

Question 31

What are examples for microtubules, neurofilaments, and microfuilaments?

Answer 31

Microtubules: Tubulin Neurofilaments: different types of cytokeratin proteins Microfilaments: actin molecules

Question 32

Is the cytoskeleton static or not static?

Answer 32

Not static

Question 33

What is the purpose of the ER and Golgi apparatus?

Answer 33

Sites for preparing/sorting proteins for delivery to different cell regions (trafficking) and regulating substances

Question 34

What is the mitochondrion (mitochondria)?

Answer 34

- site of cellular respiration - Kreb’s cycle to generate ATP happens here - ATP- cell’s energy source

Question 35

True or False: Neurons cannot survive without the mitochondria

Answer 35

True!

Question 36

If a neuron has a single neurite, what is it called?

Answer 36

Unipolar

Question 37

If a neuron has two neurites, what is it called?

Answer 37

Bipolar

Question 38

If a neuron has more than two neurites what is it called?

Answer 38

Multipolar

Question 39

In what part of the body are Bipolar neurons commonly found?

Answer 39

Sensory organs such as eyes, nose, and ears

Question 40

What types of neurons are responsible for the sense of touch, pain, and pressure?

Answer 40

Pseudo-unipolar neurons

Question 41

Which type of neurons are the dominating neurons based on number?

Answer 41

Multipolar neurons

Question 42

What type of neuron has a cell body, a long axon, and short dendrites?

Answer 42

Multipolar neurons

Question 43

All 3 types of neuronal cytoskeletons, Nissl bodies, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria are present in ___________

Answer 43

Dendrites

Question 44

There is ______ protein synthesis at the dendritic terminals

Answer 44

Local

Question 45

______ and _______ are the two important parts of nerve cells involved in the condition of nerve impulses

Answer 45

Axons and dendrites

Question 46

True or false: - Both axon and dendrites are parts of the neuron

Answer 46

True

Question 47

True or false: - both axons and dendrites are cytoplasmic projections from the cell body or a neuronal cell

Answer 47

True

Question 48

True or false: Only axons and not dendrites can conduct nerve impulses

Answer 48

False! BOTH axons and dendrites can conduct nerve impulses

Question 49

What are the Features or properties that are unique to neurons?

Answer 49

- generate axon potential - form synapses - send signals - neurons have long (sometimes very long) processes - neurons are organized into circuits - differentiated neurons do not divide

Question 50

What is another word for “Differentiated neurons”?

Answer 50

Mature neurons

Question 51

neurons generate action potentials. This means that they are (electrically/chemically) excitable

Answer 51

Electrically

Question 52

Are synapses chemical or electrical?

Answer 52

Chemical