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RUSVM Virology > Poxviridae > Flashcards

Poxviridae Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

How is it possible for poxviruses to replicate in the cytoplasm

A

Unlike other DNA viruses, poxviruses have evolved to encode the enzymes required for transcription and replication of the viral genome

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2
Q

Pathogenesis of contagious ecthyma

A

Macule → Papule → Vesicle → Pustule → Ulcer → Scab

Damage of skin essential to infection

Cellular response with necrosis and sloughing of the affected epidermis and underlying stratum papillare of the dermis

Cutaneous response to infection includes a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction and influx in inflammatory cells

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3
Q

Transmission of contagious ecthyma

A

Scabs that fall off contain less virus

Virus stable in environment

Transmitted on contaminated instruments

Spread rapidly

Infects healthy animals through damaged skin

Oral lesions infect lambs or kids result from nursing

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4
Q

Subfamily of Poxviridae that infects vertebrates

A

Chordopoxvirinae

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5
Q

Venereal form of ulcerative dermatosis

A

Venereally transmitted ulceration of the prepuce and penis or vulva

Rarely, the ulcers may extend to the glans penis so that the ram becomes unfit for natural breeding

Ewes- edema, ulceration and scabbing of the vulva have less serious consequences

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6
Q

Properties of Parapoxviruses

A

Ovid

Covered with long thread-like surface tubules

________________________

Appear to be arranged in crisscross fashion, resembling a ball of yarn

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7
Q

How are poxviruses transmitted?

A

Skin

Respiratory route

Mechanically transmitted

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8
Q

Two distinct infectious pox viruses

A

Intracellular Mature Virus (IMV)

Extracellular Mature Virus (EMV)

______________________

Both forms are infectious

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9
Q

Describe the skin lesions of poxvirus infection

A

Degenerative changes in the epithelium

Rupture of the pustule can pre-dispose to secondary bacterial infection

Ulceration may develop

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10
Q

Clinical signs of lumpy skin disease

A

Fever

Multiple nodular lesions on skin and mucous membrane

Lymphadenopathy

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11
Q

Contagious ecthyma disease in humans

A

Macropapular lesions and large nodular lesions

Healing occurs without scarring

Secondary bacterial infections

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12
Q

Parapoxviruses are what shape

A

Ovoid

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13
Q

Transmission of Ulcerative Dermatosis of Sheep

A

Virus infection through damaged skin or by coitus

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14
Q

Primary lesions of cowpox in cats

A

History of primary skin lesion

Small, scabbed wound to large abscess

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15
Q

Distribution of swinepox

A

Worldwide

Widespread sporadic disease

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16
Q

Prevention and control of sheeppox

A

Notifiable disease!

Ring vaccine, destruction of affected flocks and quarantine of infected premises should be instituted

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17
Q

Type A (ATI) inclusion bodies are induced by what diseases

A

Cowpox

Ectromelia virus

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18
Q

Goat pox virus

A

Reportable

Clinically similar to sheeppox

Young kids suffer systemic disease with lesions on skin, respiratory and alimentary mucosae

Milder form of disease seen in adults

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19
Q

Hosts of Cowpox

A

Cattle, Wild and Domestic Cats, Humans and Zoo Animals

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20
Q

Prevention of pseudocowpox

A

Disinfection, iodophor teat dip

Isolation and treatment of infected cows

Reduce teat trauma, as injuries to skin of teat predisposes to infection

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21
Q

Benign form of sheepox

A

More common in adults and resistant breeds

Only skin lesions occur

No or very mild systemic reaction

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22
Q

Type B (Guarnieri) Inclusion Bodies

A

Slightly basophilic and composed of viral particles and protein aggregates

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23
Q

Describe the structure of poxvirus virions

A

Outer layer encloes a dumbbell shaped core and two lateral bodies

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24
Q

Chronic lesions of pseudocowpox

A

Commenses as erythema

Yellow-grey, soft scurfy scabs which are rubbed off during milking

Skin is corrugated

No pain

Lesions may persist for months

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25
Examples of diseases caused by genus Orthopoxvirus
Cowpox Monkeypox Varioloa
26
Monkeypox
Genus Orthopoxvirus Viral zoonosis with symptoms in humans similar to those seen in the past smallpox patients
27
Distribution of contagious ecthyma
worldwide
28
Clinical signs of swinepox
Erythematous macule → Papule → Vesicle → Pustule → Ulcer → Scab Transient fever Exudative epidermitis (Greasy pig disease) and secondary bacterial dermatits
29
Pathogenesis of psudocowpox
Lesions are characterized by hyperplasia of squamous epithelium
30
Two forms of sheeppox virus
Malignant form Benign form
31
Routes of transmission of fowlpox virus
Transmitted within a flock through minor wounds and abrasions in mouth, comb, wattles, or skin as result of fighting, pecking and other injuries Mechanically transmitted by mosquitos, lice and ticks Possible aersol route
32
Malignant form of sheeppox
Lambs and susceptible nonnative breeds Marked depression and prostration High fever, salivation, lacrimation Edema of eylids Serous nasal discharge that becomes mucopurulent Days after infection pox lesions develop in respiratory, digestive and urinary tracts
33
Pseudocowpox disease in humans
Milkers Nodule Cause mild skin lesion Lesions on hands - dairy farmers and vets treating infected cows Lesions vary from multiple vesicles to a single indurated nodule
34
Enveloped/Non-Enveloped virions are taken up by cells more readily and appear to be more important in the spread of virions through the body of the animal
Enveloped
35
Transmission of Sheep Pox
Highly contagious Enters respiratory tract and transmission is commonly by aerosol route Can also occur through MM or abraded skin Virus present in nasal and oral secretions for several weeks after infection Virus survive months in dry scabs Mechanical transmission by biting arthropods
36
T/F: Sheep Pox and Goat Pox are strains of the same virus
False \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Genetic sequencing has now demonstrated them to be separate viruses
37
Primary transmission of monkeypox in humans
Results from direct contact with blood, bodily fluids or rashes of infected animals
38
Deadliest form of fowlpox disease
Diphtheric form - wet form
39
Clinical signs of contagious ecthyma
Mucocutaneous junction - swelling lips Animal may find it difficult to take food Lesions in genitals, coronets and ears Scab drops off (1-4 wks) tissue heals without scarring
40
Economic importance of Cowpox
Losses to farmers due to inconvenience in milking because of soreness of teats and mastitis resulting from secondary bacterial infections
41
Clinical signs of cowpox in humans
Macropapular lesions first observed on hands and face Develop into vesicular and then ulcerative lesions Enlarged painful local lymph nodes Fever, vomiting and sore throat
42
Extracellular Mature Viruses (EMV) are released from cells by
budding
43
Transmission of lumpy skin disease
Arthropod vector - most common Direct contact
44
Epidemiology of pseduocowpox
Reported from most countries
45
Lip and leg ulcerative form of ulcerative dermatosis of sheep
Formation of ulcers around the mouth and nose or on the legs Face lesions occur on the upper lip, between the border of the lip and nasla orifice, on the chin and on the nose Foot lesions are seen anywhere between teh coroent and the carpus or tarsus
46
Cutaneous form of fowlpox
Small papules on comb, wattles and around beak Lesions occassionally develop on legs, feet and around cloaca Nodules become yellowish and progress to thick scab Sharp fall in egg production
47
Reservoir host of Cowpox
Rodents
48
Vaccination for sheeppox
Commercial and subunit vaccine available Killed vaccine elicit temporary protection Live attenuated vaccines offer excellent protection
49
Swine pox is transmitted mechanically by
Haematopinus suis - pig louse
50
Transmission of Cowpox in cattle
From cow to cow in a herd is through infected milkers hands or teat cups
51
Monkeypox infection in monkeys
Disease characterized by generalized skin erruptions, developing to papules on the trunk, face, palms and soles
52
Diseases caused by genus capripoxvirus
Sheep pox Goat pox Lumpy Skin disease
53
Clinical forms of ulcerative dermatosis of sheep
Lip and leg ulceration Venereal
54
Orthopoxviruses are what shape
Brick shaped
55
T/F - Poxvirus can survive in dried scabs for many months or years
True
56
Transmission of swinepox
Direct contact associated with skin injury - virus can survive in scab for years Mechanical transmission by pig louse, flies and insects Transplacental infection of neonatal pigs
57
Clinical signs of pseudocowpox
Infection generally mild Multiple lesions per teat Acute lesions vs chronic lesions
58
Control of lumpy skin disease
Live attenuated vaccine available Slaughter of affected and in-contact animals
59
Distribution of Sheeppox and Goatpox
Endemic in Africa, Asia and parts of Europe
60
Characteristics of fowlpox virus
Extremely resistant to desiccation Can survive in exfoliated scabs for long periods
61
Etiology of Ulcerative Dermatosis of Sheep
Infectious disease of sheep caused by a virus antigenially similar to the ectheyma virus
62
Hosts of lumpy skin disease
Cattle - all ages and types susceptible
63
Bollinger bodies
Eosinophillic granular intracytoplasmic granules inclusion bodies
64
Distirbution of Cowpox
Endemic only in Europe and Asia
65
Are enveloped or non-enveloped virions of poxvirus infectious?
Both
66
Poxviruses replicate primarily in the
Cytoplasm
67
Diagnosis of poxviruses
Clinical signs Sampling material Electron microscopy Histopathology Inoculation in embryonated egg Serological assay Detection of pox nucleic acid by PCR
68
Secondary lesions of cowpox in cats
7-10 days after primary lesion appears Develop into discrete, circular, ulcerated papules Ulcers become covered by scabs
69
Vaccination for contagious ecthyma
Suspension of scabs in glycerol saline and is painted onto a small area of scarified skin inside the thigh Does not offer long-lasting immunity
70
Treatment of pseudocowpox
Removal of scabs Burn the scabs to prevent environmental contamination Application of an emollient ointment before milking Application of astrigent preparation after milking
71
Control of swinepox
Eradication of lice from piggery No vaccine
72
First virus to be grown in embryonated egg
Fowlpox virus
73
Acute lesions of pseudocowpox
Erythema → Papules → Vesicle/Pustule → Rupture → Thick Scab Scab elevated due to accumulation of granulation tissue Scab drops (7-10 days) leaving horseshoe shaped ring of small scabs
74
Type A (ATI) Inclusion Bodies
Cowpox and Ectromelia virus Strongly eosinophilic
75
Antigenic characteristics of poxviruses
Group specific nucleoprotein (NP)
76
Most common form of fowlpox disease
Cutaneous form - dry form
77
Hosts of Contagious Ecthyma
Sheep and goats \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Primarily in lambs and kids
78
T/F: Parapoxviruses do not multiply in chicken embryo
True
79
Properties of Poxviruses
Large, sometimes enveloped, DNA viruses Complex structure - pleomorphic, brick shaped Irregular surface of projecting tubular/globular structures
80
Hosts of swinepox
Pigs \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Benign with low mortality and low morbidity in older pigs
81
Transmission of pseudocowpox
Source of infection is infected cattle Contaminated milkers hands and teat cups Biting insects can transmit Calves infected when suckling Semen of bull
82
Pathogenesis of Sheeppox
Systemic disease Incubation period is followed by leukocyte associated viremia Virus localizes in skin and other internal organs Immune complexes results in severe necrotizing vasculitis develop in arterioles and postcapillary venules of the skin
83
Borrel Bodies
Occur inside bollinger bodies, minute spherical bodies obtained by tryptic digestion of bollinger bodies
84
Chicken pox is caused by what virus
Human Herpesvirus 3 - Varicella zoster virus
85
Transmission of cowpox in cats
Skin inoculation, probably through a bite or skin wound
86
Bollinger bodies andn borrel bodies are seen in what pox virus
Fowlpox
87
Enveloped poxvirus show a (high/low) environmental stability.
High
88
Diseases caused by genus Suipoxvirus
Swinepox
89
Diseases caused by genus parapoxviruses
Pseudocowpox Contagious Ecthyma / Orf Bovine Papular Stomatitis Virus
90
Diphtheric form of fowlpox
Caused by droplet infection Involves infection of mucous membranes of mouth, pharynx, larynx, and sometimes trachea Lesions result in a necrotic pseudomembrane which may cause death by asphyxiation Prognosis is poor
91
Pseudocowpox
Genus parapoxvirus VIral skin infection that causes mild sores on the teats and udders of cattle Commonly referred to as milkers nodule in humans
92
Bollinger and Borrel bodies are seen in what type of pox virus infection
Avipoxvirus
93
Secondary transmission of monkeypox in humans
Human to human contact, resulting from close contact with infected respiratory tract excretions, with skin lesions of an infected person or with recently contaminated objects
94
Lumpy skin disease distribution
Enzootic in sub-saharan Africa and Middle East with recent incursion in Iraq
95
Diseases of genus Avipoxvirus
Fowlpox Turkeypox Canarypox Avipox
96
Clinical signs of monkeypox in humans
Invasion period - fever, intense headache, lymphadenopathy, muscle pain Skin erruption period - rash from amculopapules to vesicles, pustules followed by crusts
97
Transmission of cowpox in humans
Caused by direct contact to cats
98
Host of fowlpox
Highly infectious disease of poultry and turkeys
99
Control of fowlpox
Vaccination Control mosquito population and other biting insects
100
Distribution of fowlpox
Worldwide
101
Why do enveloped poxviruses show high environmental stability?
Due to their low lipid content, they are less sensitive to organic solvents/disinfectants compared to other enveloped viruses
102
Histopathological characteristics of poxviruses
Type B (Guarnieri) Inclusion Bodies Type A (ATI) Inclusion Bodes
103
Three forms of fowlpox disease
Cutaneous Form - Dry Form Diphtheric Form - Wet Form Ocular Form
104
Form of pox virus that contains two membranes
Extracellular Mature Virus (EMV)
105
Ocular form of fowlpox
Conjunctivitis Cheesey exudate accumulates under the eyelids
106
Hemagglutinin is produced by what poxvirus
Orthopoxvirus
107
Eitiology of Fowlpox
Genus Avipoxvirus
108
Diagnosis of pseudocowpox
Horseshoe shaped ring like lesion are pathognomic Isolation and detection of the virus by various diagnostic laboratory methods from vesicular fluid or from teat skin
109
Clinical findings of cowpox in cattle
Incubation period of 3-7 days Mildly febrile Papules on teats and udder Sucking calves may develop lesions in mouth Vesicles may be evident or may rupture

RUSVM Virology (35 decks)

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