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RUSVM Virology > Retroviridae > Flashcards

Retroviridae Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Pro genes of retroviruses encode

A

Protease

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2
Q

Characteristics of Deltaretroviruses

A

Complex

Type C Morphology

Gag, Pro, Pol, Env, rex and tex - Gag, Pro and Pol presented in 3 different reading frames

Exogenous

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3
Q

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) belongs to what genus of retroviruses

A

Lentivirus

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4
Q

Type C Retrovirus

A

Assemble at plasma membrane and contain central symmetrically placed spherical inner core

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5
Q

Most common form of avian leukosis of chickens 4-30 weeks old

A

Lymphoid Leukosis

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6
Q

Retroviruses that cause chronic transformation do so by

A

Insertion/mutation through random integration into the genome of the host

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7
Q

Retroviruses that infect chickens belong to what retrovirus groups

A

Alpharetrovirus

Gammaretrovirus

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8
Q

Incubation period of FIV

A

Long incubation period - may last as long as 6 years

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9
Q

Characteristics of Betaretroviruses

A

Simple

Type B or Type D morphology

Assembled in cytoplasm via Type A intermediate

Gag, Pro, Pol, Env - Gag, Pro and Pol in different reading frames

Endogenous and Exogenous

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10
Q

Main determinant of FeLV pathogenicity

A

Surface Glycoprotein

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11
Q

Retrovirus virions are resistent to

A

Ultraviolet or X-rays

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12
Q

How do insects transmitt Equine Infectious Anemia Virus

A

When feeding fly is interrupted it will fly to another horse and transmit the virus

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13
Q

Gag gene of retroviruses encode

A

Virus core proteins: capsid, nucleocapsid, matrix

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14
Q

Secondary effects of thrombocytopenia seen with what retrovirus?

A

Equine Infectious Anemia Virus

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15
Q

Lymphoid Leukosis

A

Pale combs or cyanotic

Nodular lesions in teh bursa fabricuiuc containing B lymphocytes

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16
Q

Shape and position of the core was used to classify retroviruses into what categories

A

Type A - Type D

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17
Q

Equine infectious anemia virus - Swamp Fever - is transmitted through

A

Blood

Secretions

Insects

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18
Q

Disease caused by what retrovirus?

A

Erythroblastosis

Avian Retrovirus

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19
Q

Viral oncogenes undergo transformation to remove

A

regulatory mechanisms

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20
Q

FIV replicates in what cells

A

Lymphocytes mostly CD4+ T cells, B cells and macrophages

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21
Q

Characteristics of Lentiviruses

A

Complex

Cylindrical or Conical Shaped Core

Gag, Pro, Pol, Env, Vif, Vpr, Vpo, Tat, Rev and Nef - Gag separate from Pol and Pro in same reading frame

Exogenous

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22
Q

Characteristics of Gammaretroviruses

A

Simple

Type C morphology

Gag, Pol, Pro, Env - Gag, Pro, Pol in same reading frame

Endogenous and Exogenous

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23
Q

Endogenous gammaretroviruses

A

Endogenous Feline Leukemia Virus (enFeLV)

RD114 Virus

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24
Q

FIV is transmitted by

A

Deep bite wounds and scratches

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25
Characteristics of Retroviruses
Enveloped Budd from cell membrane Single Stranded + Sense RNA
26
Diagnose FeLV
p27 ELISA Immunofluorescence Assay (IF) Virus isolation in cell culture
27
FeLV subtype T
Tropism for T lymphocytes
28
FeLV is shed from an infected cat through
Saliva Nasal Secretions Feces Milk
29
Oncogenic genes of avian retroviruses are transmitted
Horizontally or vertically through infectious virus or provirus integrated into host germ cell DNA
30
Diagnose FIV
ELISA
31
Important enzyme encoded by Retroviruses
Reverse Transcriptase
32
Clinical signs of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus
Anemia Enlarged spleen Swollen belly and legs - edema
33
Characteristics of Epsilonretroviruses
Complex Type C morphology Gag, Pro, Pol, Env, ORF (A,B and C) - Gag, Pro and Pol in same reading frame Endogenous
34
Diagnose Equine Infectious Anemia Virus
Agar Gel Immunodiffusion - AGID or Coggins Test
35
Transmission of FeLV
Mutal Grooming Bites
36
Clinical signs of FeLV
Immunosuppression Anemia (regenerative vs non-regenerative) Lymphoma Leukemia
37
FeLV subtype C
Result of mutations in the Env gene of FeLV
38
Endogenous Avian Retroviruses
Occur in the genome of chickens as a provirus
39
Exogenous Replication Defective Avian Retroviruses
may acquire v-onc and induce malignant tumor rapidly
40
Rev Gene of lentiviruses
Encode a protein that facilitates transport of non-spliced viral RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
41
Outcomes of retroviral infection
Release of virus by budding or lysis Latent infection Chronic infection Virus induced transformation to malignancy
42
Characterisitcs of Alpharetroviruses
Simple Type C morphology Gag, Pro, Pol and Env - pro is at 3' end of gag in same reading frame Exogenous and Endogenous
43
Important genes of retroviruses
Gag Pol Env Pro
44
Exogenous Replication Competent Avian Retroviruses
Usually not pathogenic, but may cause disease in small percentage of chicken population
45
Pol gene of retroviruses encodes
Reverse Transcriptase Integrase
46
Avian diseases associated with Alpharetroviruses
Avian leucosis Myeloblastosis Sarcoma virus
47
What is inside the nucleocapsid of Retroviruses
Viral RNA Reverse transcriptase Integrase Protease
48
Mechanism of FIV
Attacks the immune system and weakens the immune response to infections and cancer
49
Equine infectious anemia virus replication begins when?
Infected monocytes enter the tissue and become macrophage
50
Clinical signs of FIV
Poor coat condition Persistent fever Gingivitis and Stomatis Diarrhea Progressive weight loss
51
Erythroblastosis
Cellular transformation of oncogenic virus Anemia Target progenitor erythroblasts
52
Disease caused by what retrovirus?
Lymphoid leukosis Avian Retrovirus
53
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus belongs to which retrovirus genus
Lentivirus
54
To enter a cell and initiate infections retroviruses require
Interaction between a cell surface molecule and the envelope proteins on the virion surface
55
Retroviruses that can lead to acute transformation contain
Viral oncogenes (v-onc)
56
Env gene of retroviruses encodes
Virion envelope proteins, surface and transmembrane proteins
57
Characteristics of Spumaviruses
Complex Spikes on surface, central but uncondensed core Virions assembled in cytoplasm, budded into ER Gag, Pro, Pol, Env, tas/bel-1, bet Exogenous
58
Retroviruses integrate into the genome of the host by means of what enzyme
Integrase
59
Type B Retrovirus
Show a round but eccentrically positioned inner core
60
In chronic infection, Equine Infectious Anemia Virus infects what type of cell
Monocytes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Cannot replicate in them
61
Osteoporosis - Thick Leg Syndrome
Caused by replication defective avian retroviruses Affect long bones of legs Uniform or irregular diaphyseal and metaphyseal thickening of affected bones
62
Avian diseases associated with Gammaretroviruses
Reticuloendotheliosis virus
63
Type D Retrovirus
Assemble in the cytoplasm via an A type intermediate and budding, show a distinct cylindrical core
64
Type A Retrovirus
Form extracellular structures which a characteristically thick shell with a hollow electron-lucent center
65
FeLV Subtype A
Ubiquitious and involved in every infection
66
Tat gene of Lentiviruses
Encodes transactivator that enhances the efficiency of cellular RNA polymerase
67
FeLV Subtype B
Originates from recombination of FeLV A and enFeLV
68
Nef gene of lentiviruses
Encodes Nef protein essential for replication in target hosts but not in cell culture and for downregulation expression of the CD4 molecule or alter the activation status of target cells
69
Vif gene of Retroviruses
Encodes protein Vif which enhances replication in lymphocytes
70
FeLV infection in queens results in
Embryonic death, still birth or viremic kittens
71
Feline Leukemia Virus belongs to what genus of retroviruses
Gammaretrovirus
72
T/F: Cellular oncogenes are required for normal cell growth and differentiation
True
73
Test used to diagnose what retroviral disease?
Coggins Test Equine Infectious Anemia Virus

RUSVM Virology (35 decks)

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