PP4 Flashcards by Hamish Reed-Embleton

HTN on CCB and ACE what next? Why not the other one?

Thiazide like - indapamide

Thiazide diuretics mess with blood sugars

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why sickle cell have reasonable hba1c despite consistently raised BM?

Chronic haemolysis -> Hb has a shorter lifespan -> doesn’t get time to become fully glycosylated

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Denosumab vs teriparatide

Denosumab usually - only need to give it every 6 months

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Proximal vs distal RCA infarction

Distal - II, III, AVF

Proximal - Above and v1,v2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dominant-sounding family history of cardiac death with no murmurs- when might you think brugada rather than Long QT?

Brugada - deaths occuring in bed
[get VF while asleep]

QT - during exercise

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

GCSF also called

Filgrastim

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how do loop diruetics help heart in failure? B blockers?

Reduce preload
Reduce afterload

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which lens dislocation in marfan? homocystinuria?

Marfan - upwards

Homocys- downwards

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Vit D action on osteoclasts and PTH?
T cells?

Increase osteoclasts [increase Ca into blood and healthy bone turnover]

Negative PTH - [think PTH usually high in osteomalacia]

Decrease TH1 cell
Increase TH2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Achondroplasia inheritance

Dominant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CKD 5. DVT rx

Warfarin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Whats in the middle of the process of getting bilirubin from haem

Haem -> biliverdin -> bilirubin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where in the foot gets avascular necrosis

2nd metatarsal head

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

African with FSGN what gene? What is it protective of?

APOL1
-Protects against sleeping sickness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bekker vs duchene presentation? Same gene in each?

Bekker less severe - calf hypetrophy in 20s

Duchenne - in a wheelchair by 20s

Dystrophin gene

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HIV CD4 50. Presents with acute meningitis and raised ICP.
Rx?

Cryptococcus
Amphotericin B

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bar amlodipine what other antihypertensive leads to calf swelling

Doxazosin / a blockers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Open-angle glaucoma 1st line rx

Topical timolol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What to give for CMV prophylaxis in solid organ transplant

Valganciclovir

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MEN1 with dyspepsia has

Gastrinoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gold standard for hereditary spherocytosis

Cryohaemolysis and EMA binding

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lateral medullar most common

Vertebral artery > PICA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Clean surfaces in c diff outbreak

Dilute bleach

[Not chlorhex / alcohol]

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CCB bar fluid retention, 2nd most common complaint

Headaches

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pulm HTN who wants to stay pregnant on sildenafil needs what medication

LMWH - high clot risk

Pulse pressure change as you age

Widens over time [stiff arteries so systolic rises]

Divide population into males / females and then ask do you smoke or not

Fishers exact

Restless leg

Dopamine agonists Eg ropinorole

Which cells produce IgE

B cells

SBP 1st line

Cephalosporin

Cholangitis ERCP or Lap coley

ERCP first Then cholecystectomy once stable

Rheum A which joint MOST likely

PIP

MS monitoring best way

MRI brain with contrast

Cardiac meds used in caution in AS

Bisop - as need pressure sufficient to overcome valve [start with low dose and up titrate - once established positive outcomes] Furosemide/ loop - might decrease LV filling pressure

How many kcals need per day normal person

30kcal/Kg 70kg = 2100

Pulm stenosis on JVP

Raised A waves

Impaired fasting glucose obese and HTN med?

Liraglutide / other GLP-1

Psychosis in parkinsons 1st / second line

Quetiapine Clozapine

Pneumocystis jirovecii is?

Fungus

Which IL in CD2- t helper NK cells stimulation Allergy IgE response

CD2- t helper - il-4 NK cells stimulation - IL-12 Allergy IgE response - IL-13

Ring of 1-2mm papules is describing?

Granuloma annulare

What type of receptor in brain nicotine binds to

Acetylcholine

HOCM - how to reduce LV outflow tract gradient

B blockers [Then surg]

How do the Azoles work againts helminths

Inhibition of tubulin [polymerisation] [Little tubular worms we gotta kill]

inhibit 30s ribosomal subunit in which Abx

Tetracyclines - Eg doxy

WHO performance status 0-4

0 - Fully active 1 - Can carry out light work 2 - Moves about >50% of day 3 - Less than 50% 4 - Cant perform any self care

Baclofen mechanism

GABA-B agonist

UTI rx in women with eGFR <45

Pivmecillinam

Recurrent laryngeal which vessel closest

Inferior thyroid

Carcinoid diarrhoea resistant to ocretitde Rx?

Telotristat

which vasoconstrictor raised in hepatorenal syndrome [ excluding RASS]?

Endothelin 1

Stopping smoking in preg rx

Nicotine replacement therapy

HNPCC mutations

MSH2 - 60% MLH1 - 30%

Keeps birds gets pneumonia 1st line rx

Doxy - chlamydia

antidepressant in a man that still wants to shag

Mirtazapine

Acute hepB without significant dysfunction rx

Observe and repeat PCR in couple months [90% clear if fit an healthy]

HIV low CD4 - Ulcers on oesophagus =

CMV Valganciclovir

Central venous thromobosis Rx

lmwh

Myotonic dystrophy monitoring

ECGs

1L 0.9% Nacl how much stays intravascular

200mls 0.45% = 100mls

Idiopathic membranous nephropathy rx

Rituximab [pred + cyclophosphamide considered if rapid worsening]

ramipril vs bisop 1st line heart failure

Ramipril if pulse <75

Which vaccine always has egg

Yellow [yolk] fever

pH pf stomach

1.5-3.5

Which shisto most likely causes katayama fever if from east/SE asia

S Japonicum

MEN 1 tumours

Pituitary [Parathyroid 4 gland hyperplasia] Pancreas - Gastinoma > Insulinoma

Homocystinuria initial Rx

Pyridoxine

Prev peptic ulcer + Previous coronary stenting. Chronic leg pain on paracetamol. Which NSAID? Why not celecoxib?

Naprox + ppi celo- increase CV risk

Post MI. Syncopal episodes and bifasicular block with reduced EF rx?

Cardiac resynchronisation therapy [pacemaker]

CF which cells in inflamed airways most in men

Neutrophils [eosin / mast / T cells in women]

Weber syndrome vessel

Posterior cerebral

Barter gene Giltemans gene Liddle

SCL12A1 SCL12A3 SCNN1B

How long for keratinocytes to transform into anucleate corneocytes? In psoriasis?

30 days 3 days in psoriasis

Acute vs chronic CKD single blood test

PTH

New guidelines for prolactinoma

Carbegoline first line NOT surgery

Why clots in factor V leiden

Protein c resistance

MND key Ix

EMG

rasburicase mechanism

Urate oxidation

ebv how long before contact sports

8 weeks

Statin liver enzyme

CYP3A4

Worse outcomes post MI in

reduced EF <30%

gout don't tolerate allopurinol and have MI history

Low dose colchicine

Listeria meningitis

Amox + gent

OSA lung function tests

NORMAL

Antigen presenting cells - name 3

Macrophage, dendritic, B cells Basophils, eosinophils

hepatotoxicity with valproate due to

Mitochondrial dysfunction

ATAT inheritance

CO-dominant

Vietnamese Why do they have HCC

alfatoxin exposure

PP4 Flashcards

(88 cards)