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PPL Oral - Airworthiness & Maintenance requirements Flashcards

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1
Q

What documents are required to be on board the aircraft for it to be airworthy?

A

FAR 91.203, 91.9

S - Supplements (G1000)
P - Placards (per TCDS notes)
A - Airworthiness Cert (displayed near entrance for Pax or Crew
R - Registration (exp every 7yrs)
R - Radio License (if international flight)
O - Operating Limits
W - Weight & Balance

Bonus:
E - External Serial Number

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2
Q

When does your aircrafts registration expire?

A

After 7 years

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3
Q

What is an Airworthiness Certificate?

A

Issued by the FAA when it is found that the aircraft meets the design and manufacturer requirements for safety

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4
Q

When would an Airworthiness Certificate no longer be valid?

A

When it no longer meets the requirements for safety under its original issuance.
EXAMPLE: When the annual inspection has expired

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5
Q

What are the two types of Airworthiness Certificates?

A
  1. Standard
  2. Special
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6
Q

What is a Standard Airworthiness Certificate?

A

Known as the “white paper” and is issued for the following Categories of Aircraft…

  • Normal
  • Utility
  • Acrobatic
  • Commuter
  • Transport
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7
Q

What is a Special Airworthiness Certificate?

A

Known as the “pink paper” and is issued for the following Category of Aircraft…

  • Primary
  • Restricted
  • Limited
  • Light Sport Aircraft
  • Experimental
  • Aircraft using a Special Flight Permit
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8
Q

What is an Experimental Airworthiness Certificate?

A

A Special Airworthiness Certificate issued for an aircraft that has not yet met its Type Certificate requirements (being tested)

OR

A kit built aircraft

BUT is still considered safe for operation

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9
Q

Does the Airworthiness certificate have an expiration date?

A

No

It will remain valid as long as the plane..

  1. Meets its approved Type Design
    AND
  2. Is in a safe condition to operate
  3. Is Properly Maintained
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10
Q

Where must the Airworthiness Certificate be located?

A

FAR 91.203

Must be displayed at the Cabin or Cockpit entrance so that it is visible to Passengers or Crew.

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11
Q

What two conditions must be met for an aircraft to be considered Airworthy?

A
  1. The aircraft Must conform to its Type Certificate (including supplemental type certs)
  2. Must be in condition for safe operation (as required to stay airworthy)
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12
Q

How would a pilot determine if an aircraft is Airworthy?

A
  1. Type Certificate, Ensure the following
    • Required inspections are completed (mx log)
    • AD’s are complied with
  2. Safe Operating Condition, Ensure the following
    • Pre Flight inspection
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13
Q

Who is responsible for making sure the aircraft is maintained in Airworthy condition?

A

FAR 91.403

The owner OR operator (you)

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14
Q

How do you ensure that all required aircraft inspections and ADs have been complied with?

A

FAR 91.405

By checking the Maintenance Logs (aircraft & engine)

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15
Q

What responsibilities does an aircraft Owner have regarding Documents, Inspections, and Maintenance?

A

Must ensure
1. Certificate and Registration are present
2. Aircraft is in Airworthy condition
3. Maintenance is properly logged
4. Stay up to date on FARs
5. Notify FAA of change of address, or sale of aircraft
6. If operating internationally: Have radio license

*Get at least 3 of these right to constitute a correct answer

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16
Q

What is an Airworthiness Directive (AD)?

A

How the FAA notifies aircraft owners of a Required change needed to be made in order for the aircraft to continue to be considered airworthy

Like a recall on your car.

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17
Q

Who is responsible for making sure the ADs are complied with?

A

The owner OR operator

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18
Q

What is an Emergency AD?

A

Issued when a rapid change is needed to correct an unsafe condition

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19
Q

Can you fly your aircraft if you discover you are outside of the ADs compliance time frame?

A

No,

UNLESS you have an Alternative Method Of Compliance (AMOC) or a Special Flight Permit to ferry it to be complied with.

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20
Q

If your aircraft has a new AD out, are you allowed to fly the aircraft for the purpose of having the required MX completed?

A

Yes BUT

you must receive a Special Flight Permit from your local FSDO

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21
Q

What is an AMOC in relation to an Airworthiness Directive

A

Alternative Method of Compliance (AMOC)

Allows you to comply with an AD by installing a permanent fix

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22
Q

Where can you find a list of the ADs for your aircraft?

A

Check the..

Dynamic Regulatory System (FAA website)

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23
Q

What is a Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS)?

A
  1. A TCDS is issued by the FAA to a manufacturer, granting them the ability to gain Airworthiness certificates for all aircraft of the specified Type
  2. TCDS’s contain the specific operating limitations for which Airworthiness was granted (this information is usually also included in the AFM)

*Must get #1 correct

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24
Q

What is a Supplemental Type Certificate (STC)?

A

Issued when the FAA grants a major alteration that wasn’t part of the aircrafts original TCDS or Airworthiness to be made to an aircraft.

Lets us modify aircraft from their original condition and remain Airworthy

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25
What is an aircraft Registration Certificate?
It is proof that the aircraft has been registered with the FAA and must be in the aircraft at all times.
26
Where can you find what Placards are required to be visible in the aircraft?
In your AFM (or the TCDS)
27
What are some examples of Placards and Markings required in the airplane?
PLACARDS - Day/Night VFR and IFR placard - Permitted Flight Maneuvers placard - Compass Deviation placard - Maneuvering Speed placard MARKINGS - Airspeed indicator markings - Fuel markings - Oil Type markings (on oil door)
28
What are the required aircraft maintenance inspections?
A - Annual Inspection A - Airworthiness Directives complied with V - VOR check every 30 days (for IFR) 1 - 100hr inspection (if used for hire/instruction) A - Altimeter & Static System *Every 24 months T - Transponder tests *Every 24 months E - ELT & ELT Battery check * Every 12 months
29
How often does the VOR need to be checked (for IFR flight)?
Every 30 days
30
If you own your own airplane and fly for fun, do you need a 100hr inspection?
No, You only need the 100hr inspection if the airplane is used for hire or flight instruction
31
How often does the Altimeter and Static system need to be inspected (for IFR flight)?
Every 24 months
32
How often does the Transponder need to be tested?
Every 24 months
33
How often does the ELT and Battery need to be checked?
Every 12 months
34
If an aircraft is used for hire, does it need BOTH an Annual and a 100hr inspection?
Yes
35
When does the ELT battery need to be replaced or recharged?
FAR 91.207 1. When 50% of their useful life or charge* has expired. OR 2. When the transmitter has been in use for more than 1 cumulative hour *for rechargeable ELT batteries.
36
What is an Annual Inspection?
A complete inspection of the Aircraft and Engine required every 12 months
37
Which aircraft are required to have a 100hr inspection?
1. Aircraft under 12,500lbs (unless multi engine turbojet/turboprop) 2. Aircraft provided by a flight instructor and used for hire in flight instructing
38
What is the difference between a 100hr and an Annual inspection
BESIDES the obvious time difference... The main difference is WHO can perform them 1. Annual = ONLY an A&P with Inspection Authorization (IA) 2. 100hr = Any A&P can perform these
39
Under what circumstance may the 100hr inspection be passed without completion? AND by how much may it be passed?
1. You can only go over 100hrs to fly the plane to get the 100hr done 2. You can only go over by 10hrs. This time is still included in your next 100hr due time and does not change the time when you must get your next inspection done.
40
Can you fly your aircraft if you missed your last Annual inspection?
No, UNLESS 1. It is being flown to get the Annual Inspection done AND 2. You obtain a Special Flight Permit (SFP) from your local FSDO AND 3. All ADs are still complied with.
41
What is a Special Flight Permit?
FAA grants permission to fly an aircraft that is not considered Airworthy but is still safe to fly
42
What are some examples of when you would need a Special Flight Permit
Anytime the aircraft is not considered Airworthy and... 1. To ferry it to be fixed or inspected 2. Aircraft Delivery or Exportation 3. Production flight testing 4. Flying an aircraft away from an area of danger (Hurricane) 5. Customer demonstration of a new aircraft *Get #1 right and any ONE of the others
43
Who is responsible for making sure the aircraft is in Airworthy condition before EACH flight?
The Pilot in Command (PIC)
44
What responsibilities are required by the PIC after a major repair or alteration occurred that may have changed an aircrafts flight characteristics?
FAR 91.407 1. Perform a Safety Flight check 2. Make an operational check of the work done 3. Log the Safety Flight check in the aircraft records (MX logs)
45
Can you fly an aircraft with known Inoperative Equipment?
Yes, provided it is not required by 91.205 or 91.213
46
Does the DA 40NG have a Minimum Equipment List (MEL)?
No, For inoperative equipment we must abide by the following (since we don't have an MEL) 1. KOEL (AFM) 2. 91.205 (ATOMOTOFLAMES & FLAPS) 3. ADs 4. TCDS/STC
47
Is it safe to fly with Inoperative Equipment?
The safest decision is to NOT fly with inoperative equipment
48
How will you determine if YOUR aircraft is still airworthy after finding Inoperative Equipment?
FAR 91.213 Follow FAR 91.213 & 91.205 by checking if the Inop item is on ANY of the following lists... 1. KOEL (AFM) 2. 91.205 (ATOMOTOFLAMES & FLAPS) 3. ADs 4. TCDS/STC
49
What is a KOEL?
Kinds Of Operation List: A list of equipment, found in the AFM or the TCDS, that are required for specific kinds of operations. (VFR Day/Night, IFR)
50
What if will you do if you find Inoperative equipment that IS on the KOEL?
I will determine that the aircraft is NOT Airworthy until the item has been fixed
51
What will you do if you find Inoperative equipment that is not on the KOEL (or any other list required by 91.213)?
In order to fly with inoperative equipment that is not required for Airworthiness... 1. Inop item must be removed by an A&P and noted in the MX logs OR 2. Placarded AND Deactivated (Circuit breaker)
52
What happens if an Item is Inoperative and NOT on any required list, BUT you cant deactivate it?
If you are able to Placard an Inoperative Item but UNABLE to Deactivate it, you cannot fly.
53
What is the easiest way to Deactivate an Inoperative piece of Equipment
Pull and Collar the Circuit Breaker
54
What is an MEL?
A list of equipment that are ALLOWED to be Inoperative and still be safe to fly. - An MEL is specific to each aircraft down to the serial number - Usually only larger aircraft have an MEL
55
How would a pilot use an MEL?
Upon finding an Inop Item on the MEL 1. Record it in the MX logs 2. Placard and Deactivate the item *MELs will have specific procedures for how to deactivate an item *MELs may have specific time requirements surrounding how long an item can be deferred
56
What equipment are required for Day VFR flight?
FAR 91.205 A - Altimeter T - Tachometer O - Oil Pressure Gauge M - Manifold Pressure Gauge A - Airspeed Indicator T - Temperature Gauge (each *liquid cooled engine) O - Oil Temperature Gauge (each engine) F - Floatation gear (if operated overwater beyond glide dist) F - Fuel Gauge (each tank) L - Landing Gear Position Indicator A - Anti Collision Lights (strobe = White, Beacon = Red) M - Magnetic Compass E - ELT S - Safety belts
57
What equipment are required for Night VFR flight?
FAR 91.205 ATOMATOFLAMES + the following.. F - Fuses L - Landing Light (if for hire) A - Anti-Collision light P - Position Lights S - Source of power (battery)
58
Who can perform maintenance on an Aircraft?
1. A&P mechanic 2. The manufacturer
59
Are you allowed to perform Preventative Maintenance?
FAR 43.7 Yes
60
What is the definition of Preventative Maintenance?
FAR 1 Simple preservation operations OR The replacement of small, standard parts NOT involving complex assembly operations
61
Where can you find a list of Preventative Maintenance Items?
FAR 43 Appendix A, paragraph C. There are 31 items
62
What are you required to do after performing Performing Preventative Maintenance?
FAR 43.9 Make an entry in the MX log
63
What information is required to be entered into the Maintenance log after performing Preventative maintenance?
FAR 43.9 1. Description of work performed 2. Date completed 3. Your name 4. Your signature 5. Your certificate number 6. Your type of certificate
64
What is TBO and what major component does it concern?
1. Time Between Overhaul 2. The engine
65
If you check the Engine logbook and notice you are over the TBO, can you fly the aircraft?
Yes, TBO is recommended by the manufacturer but not required
66
Is it a good idea to exceed the engine manufacturers TBO? Why?
No! Why? 1. TBO is there for safety 2. Waiting to complete the overhaul may be even more expensive 3. Running past the TBO time may can cause faster engine wear
67
What is the Supplements Section of the AFM?
Contains information regarding installed optional equipment on the aircraft
68
Can you fly the aircraft without the AFM?
FAR 91.9 No, it is a required document according to ARROW.
69
What is a Squawk Sheet and how can it effect safety?
Squawk sheets are maintenance discrepancies written up by pilots in a specific format. They can improve safety by... 1. Informing the next pilot of issues the aircraft has had recently and help them make an informed go or no go decision 2. Create a paper trail of communication between Pilots and Maintenance personnel
70
The last 100hr inspection was due at 2400hrs. The inspection was actually completed at 2405hrs. When is the next 100hr inspection due?
2500hrs
71
What is a Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin (SAIB), and are they regulatory in nature?
Special Airworthiness Information Bulletins (SAIB) are posted by the FAA to highlight safety of flight issues. They are NOT regulatory in nature, but should always be read and taken into consideration.
72
What are the 3 most important FARs in regards to Inoperative Equipment?
1. 91.205 (Required equipment, ATOMATOFLAMES) 2. 91.213 (how to deal with inop equipment) 3. Part 43 (who can perform preventative mx and how)
73
What are the 3 FAA definitions of Night and what are they for?
1. Sunset to Sunrise - FAR 91.209 - When you need to have Position Lights on 2. 1hr after Sunset to 1hr before Sunrise - FAR 61.57 - For carrying passengers at night 3. The time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight, as published in the Air Almanac, convertedTim Goudie. Assistant Chief Flight Instructor to local time. - FAR 1.1 - For logging night time
74
What is meant by Category Class and Type regarding the certification of Aircraft?
FAR 1.1 Definitions Category - Normal - Utility - Acrobatic - Transport Class - Airplane - Rotorcraft - Glider - Balloon - Seaplane Type - Specific make and model
75
What are the main differences between a KOEL and an MEL?
1. If the inoperative item IS on the MEL you can still fly, if its on the KOEL you cannot fly 2. MELs are specific to an aircraft down to the serial number, whereas a KOEL is specific to a make and model 3. MELs are usually specifically approved for the operator by the FAA for each aircraft and are usually used in airline SOPs
76
Suppose you found an inoperative item on your aircraft and determined that you're able to fly, what would the next required steps be? (3 things)
1. Remove OR Deactivate 2. Placard 3. Record it in the maintenance logs
77
What is the difference between an **Airworthiness Directive** and a **Service Bulletin**?
In short, ADs are mandatory and are issued by a regulatory body (FAA) and are required to be complied with, while SBs are issued by the manufacturer of the aircraft or part and are not mandatory; however, they may still be extremely important to follow. ## Footnote A Service Bulletin is only required to be complied with when it also triggers the FAA to issue an AD. If the SB says Mandatory, Alert, or Emergency on it, they are simply trying to imply importance.
78
Why would a maintenance log carry separate logs for the Prop, Engine, and Airframe?
Because the 3 components may not always remain together. * The Engine could be swapped out for a new one
79
What time is the 100hr inspection based on?
Usually Airframe (Hobbs) time as the Prop, Engine, and Airframe are usually synchronized. * However, technically speaking all three major components will need a 100hr logged (engine, airframe, & prop) ## Footnote 100hr inspections are only required if the aircraft is used for hire or flight instruction
80
What is the difference between Airframe, Hobbs, and Tach time?
Tach Time * A measure of engine use * Based on RPM, not mins & hrs Hobbs Time * A measure of aircraft time (hrs & mins) * Usually starts when the electric master is turned on or when oil starts flowing in the engine * Usually how we calculate our hours & rental fees * Used for calculating when maintenance needs to be done! (100hr inspection) Airframe Time * Another term for *Hobbs* time, as *Hobbs* is a brand ## Footnote Source: AOPA https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2018/september/flight-training-magazine/how-it-works-hobbs-meter#:~:text=Inside%20the%20meter%2C%20a%20solenoid,advance%20at%20the%20proper%20intervals.&text=No%2C%20the%20joke%20goes%2C%20it's%20a%20runaway%20Hobbs%20meter.
81
What are the 6 most important chapters of the AFM? | Theres an ancronym.
**LEAP WS** (windshear) (Cha 2.) L - Limitations (Cha 3.) E - Emergencies (Cha 4.) A - Abnormal Ops (Cha 5.) P - Performance (Cha 6.) W - Weight & Balance (Cha 7.) S - Systems

Private & Commercial Pilot (DA 40NG) (27 decks)

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