PPT 6 (FINALS) Flashcards
(29 cards)
Group of disorders characterized by sad,empty or irritable mood, accompanied by related changes that significantly affect the individual’s capacity to function
Depressives disorder
What is this disorder?
A. Severe recurrent outburst (Verbally or behaviorally) out of proportion in intensity or duration to the situation
B. Inconsistent with developmental level
C. Three or more times per week
D. Irritable or angry most of the day (nearly everyday, observed by others)
E. 12 or more months (symptoms not absent for 3 or more consecutive monthy)
F. 2 of three settings, severe in atleast 1 of these
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
What is this disorder?
G. Diagnosis should not be made for the First time BEFORE 6 years or AFTER 18 YEARS
H. Onset must be before 10 years old
I. Symptoms of manic/hypomanic episode have not been met for more than 1 day
J. Behavior do not occur exclusively during an episode of major depressive disorder and are not better explained by another mental disorder
K. Not related to substance/medical/ neurological condition
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
What is this disorder?
The diagnosis cannot coexist with OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER
• Symptoms came from bipolar disorder
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Five or more symptoms have been present for almost 2 WEEKS (at least 1 is (1) depressed mood, (2) anhendonia
1.Depressed mood
2. Anhendonia
3. Weight loss/gain or loss of appetite
4. Insomnia/hyper insomnia nearly everyday
5. Psychomotor agitation/retardation
6. Fatigue
7. Feeling of worthlessness/excessive guilt
8. Diminished ability to think/concentrate
9. Suicidal ideation/attempt
Major depressive disorder
What is this disorder?
• symptoms cause Clinically distres/ impairment in social, occupational or other areas
• not attributed to substance/medical condition
• not better explained by schizoaffective disorder and not overlapping with other psychotic disorder
• no manic/hypomanic episode
Major depressive disorder
Identify the specifier of MDD
- individual suffer from anxiety as an additional dysfunction
- Depressive episodes have some degree of manic symptoms
- Extreme level of depressive symptoms (loss of pleasure to all, or almost all activities)
With anxious distress
With mixed features
With melancholic feature
Identify the specifier of MDD
- Mood can be brightened up by using positive events as well as other features that seem to be unusual for MDE
- Delusions or hallucinations with themes related to the current episode
- Delusions or hallucinations with themes irrelevant to the current episode
With atypical feature
With mood congruent psychotic feature
With mood -incongruent psychotic feature
Identify the specifier of MDD
- Displays catatonic behavior during depressive episode
- Onset of depressive symptoms during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks following the delivery
- Depressive episodes that occur during certain seasons
With catatonia
With peripartum onset
With seasonal pattern
What is this disorder
• More prevalent among women than men
• Single, divorced and widowed women experience significantly more depression than men
• Men developed depression following a marital split
• Women tend to experience HYPERPHAGIA (excessive eating) hyper insomnia (excessive sleeping) sensitivity and gastrointestinal symptoms
• Men maladaptive self-coping and problem solving strategies (alcohol, drug, risk taking, poor impulse control)
Major depressive disorder
What is this disorder?
• 3 month old babies can become depressed (observed sad faces, slow movement, lack of responsiveness)
• The “look” of depression changes with age
MDD
Depression may follow marked helplessness about coping with the difficult life events and proceeds to depressive attributional styles
Learned hopelessly theory of depression
LEARNED HOPELESSNESS THEORY
• ___ individual attributes negative events to personal failings
• ___ even after a particular negative event passes, the attribution that “additional bad things will always be my fault” remains
• ___ attributions extend across a viriety of issues
Internal
Stable
Global
THEORIES ABOUT DEPRESSION
• ___ these negative cognitive styles are contagious
• ___ negative thinking about themselves, the world and their future, includes;
1. ___ emphasizing negative aspects rather than positive ones on a situation
2. ___ conclusion that negative event will occur just from a minor problem or mistake
Aaron beck’s negative cognitive styles
Depressive cognitive triad
Arbitrary inference
Overgeneralization
THEORIES ABOUT DEPRESSION
Under AARON BECK’S NEGATIVE SCHEMA
• ___ Individual thinks that it is responsible for every negative event
• ___ they believe they cannot do anything correctly
Self-blame schema
Negative self-evutaion schema
GRIEF AND MDE
• ____ initial stage of grieving which includes depressive symptoms, anxiety, denial, numbness and suicidal ideation for 6 months (some persistent for 1 year or more)
• ___ death of the deceased is accepted, and the person has adjusted to the loss
• ___ individual becomes impaired due to maladjustment and suicidal ideations increase
Acute grief
Integrated grief
Complicated grief
GRIEF AND MDE
• ___ feeling of emptiness and loss
• MDE tend to be persistent
(SADNESS in MDE is tied to self-criticism and pessimism rather than deceased person)
• Self-esteem is preserved ine grief while it is markedly affected in MDE
• Death in gried is related to “joining” the deceased while the suicidal ideation in MDE is due to worthlessness, hopelessness and anhendonia
Grief
Depressed mood for most of the day (atleast 2 YEARS) in children 1 YEAR
• presence, while depressed of 2 or more
1. Poor appetite
2. Insomia/ hyper insomnia
3. Low enery/fatigue
4. low self-esteem
5. Poor concentration/difficulty making decisions
6. Feeling of hopelessness
Persistent depressive disorder
Name the disorder
• During the 2 year period (1 year for children) the individual has never been symptom free for more than 2 months
• Criteria for MDD may be continuously present for 2 years
• no manic/hypomanic episode
• Not better explained by other psychotic disorders
Persistent depressive disorder
PDD Specifier
• Full criteria for major depressive episode have not been met in atleast the preceding 2 years
• Full criteria for a major depressive episode have been met throughout the preceding 2 year period (chronic major depressive episode)
• Double depression
With pure dysthymic syndrome
With persistent major depressive episode
With intemittent major depressive episode
What is this disorder?
• Depression remains unchanged over long periods (20-30 or more)
• MORE SEVERE, since patients are less responsive to treatment and show slower rate of improvement
• onset is often insidious
• more common in high income countries, more cases among females
Persistent depressive disorder
• In the majority of menstrual cycles, at least 5 SYMPTOMS must be present in FINAL WEEK BEFORE the menses, start to improve within days after the onset of menses and minimal/absent in the week after
•A. one or more must be present
1. Marked affective lability
2. Irritability, anger, increased interpersonal conflicts
3. Depressed mood, feeling of hopelessness/self deprecating thoughts
4. Anxiety or tension
B. One or more (combined with A)
1. Decrease interest in usual activities
2. Subjective difficulty in concentration
3. Lethargy
4. Change in appetite
5. Hyper insomnia/insomia
6. Sense of being overwhelmed or out of control
7. Breast tenderness/swelling, joint or muscle pain , bloating/weight gain
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER
• Disturbance id not symptoms of another disorder
• Symptoms in criterion must be present in atleast TWO MENSTRUAL CYCLES
• Symptoms cease after menopause
• Delusion and hallucinations have been described in luteal phase of cycle but are rare
