PPT VIRUS PART I Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
All (-) RNA viruses are
A
Enveloped
2
Q
RA viruses, except for (+) RNA genome, must carry
.
A
polymerases
3
Q
determine how viral messenger RNA
A
Genome structure and polarity
4
Q
determines the mechanism of transcription and replication.
A
Genome structure
5
Q
Most RNA viruses replicate in the
A
Cytoplasm
6
Q
+ RNA (Naked)
A
Picornaviridae
Caliciviridae
Hepeviridae
Astro
7
Q
+RNA (E)
A
Toga
Flavi
Corona
8
Q
- RNA
A
Rhabdo
Filo
Orthomyxo
Paramyxi
Bunya
Arena
9
Q
(+/-RNA)
A
Reo (double capsid)
10
Q
(+RNA via DNA)
A
RETRO (Enveloped)
11
Q
Picornavirus virus
A
Poliovirus
12
Q
replicates in motor neurons in anterior horn of spinal cord causing paralysis
A
Poliovirus pathogenesis
13
Q
Poliovirus spectrum of disease
A
Poliomyelitis and Meningitis
14
Q
Poliovirus diagnosis
A
Cowdry type B and intranuclear inclusion
15
Q
Poliovirus prevention
A
Salk (IPV ; killed virus) and Sabin vaccination (OPV; live attenuated virus)
16
Q
Coxsackie A virus
A
Herpangina, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, HFMD, and aseptic meningitis
17
Q
Coxsackie B virus spectrum of disease
A
Pleurodynia, severe generalized disease of infants, pericarditis and myocarditis, and aseptic meningitis
18
Q
ECHO virus means
A
Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan
19
Q
Spectrum of disease ECHO
A
- aseptic meningitis,
- URTI,
- febrile illness (with or without rash),
- infantile diarrhea and
- hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
20
Q
Rhinovirus pathogenesis
A
replicate better at 33°C than at 37°C -> affect primarily the nose and conjunctiva rather than the lower respiratory tract (acid-labile killed by gastric acid)
21
Q
Rhinovirus spectrum of disease
A
Common cold
22
Q
Hepatitis A virus also known as
A
Enterovirus 72
23
Q
Hepatitis A pathogenesis
A
replicates in the GI tract and then spreads to the liver during a brief viremic period.
24
Q
Hepatitis A Spectrum of disease
A
HEPATITIS A INFECTION
self-limited hepatitis, short incubation hepatitis and anicteric hepatitis
25
Hepatitis A diagnosis
anti-HAV IgM (most useful)
26
Hepatitis A treatment and prevention
administration of immune globulin during IP and vaccination (killed virus)
27
Herpeviridae virus
Hepatitis E virus
28
Hepatitis E diagnosis
patchy necrosis (liver biopsy)
29
Hepatitis E 3 E
Expectant mother
Enteric
Epidemic
30
CALICIVIRIDAE virus
Norwalk virus (Norovirus)
31
Norwalk virus (Norovirus) spectrum of disease
Viral gastroenteritis adults non bacterial
32
Reoviridae virus
Rotavirus
33
Rotavirus pathogenesis
Villous destruction with atrophy
34
Rotavirus Spectrum of disease
Viral gastroenteritis common in childhood
35
childhood: ”white stool diarrhea”)
Rotavirus
36
Astrovirus transmission
Fecal oral route and water
37
ENVELOPED RNA VIRUSES (NEGATIVE SENSE)
Orthomyxoviridae
Paramyxoviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Filoviridae
38
Orthomyxoviridae
Influenza Virus (A , B and C)
39
Influenza virus major antigens
Hemagglutinin
Neuraminidase
40
Bind to cell surface receptor
Hemagglutinin
41
Release progeny virus
Neuraminidase
42
Worldwide epidemic of influenza virus
Influenza A
43
How many distinct types of Hemagglutinin in Influenza A
16 antigenically
44
How many distinct types of Neuraminidasein Influenza A
9 antigenically
45
Major outbreaks of influenza and does not lead to pandemic
Influenza B
46
Mild respiratory tract infection and does not cause outbreak of influenza
Influenza C
47
Angtigenic shift or
Pandemics
48
Antigenic Drift or
Epidemics
49
Mojor changes based on the reassortment of segments of the genome RNA
Antigenic Shift
50
Minor changes based on MUTATIONS in the genome RNA
Antigenic Drift
51
Sudden change in the molecular structure of a microorganism, new strain, little or no acquired immunity to these Novel Strains. New epidemics or pandemic
Antigenic Shift
52
Slow and progressive change in the composition of microorganism that leads to altered immunological responses and susceptibility
Antigenic Drift
53
Infuenza virus spectrum of disease
Influenza or Flu
54
Incubation period of influenza
24-48 hours
55
Inflenca virus complications
fatal bacterial superinfection (S. aureus and
S. pneumoniae)
Reye’s syndrome
56
Influenza virus Treatment and Prevention:
- Oseltamivir (DOC) and Zanamivir
- Amantadine and Rimantadine Vaccine (both influenza A & B)
57
Paramyxoviridae virus
Measles Virus
Mumps virus
Respiratory Syncytial virus
Parainfluenza virus 1 and 2
58
Also known as first disease
Red measles, rubeola
59
Pathogenesis of measles
Measles virus infects the cells lining the URT➡️enters
the blood ➡️infects reticuloendothelial cells ➡️spreads via the blood to the skin ➡️cvtotoxic I-cells attack the measles virus-infectedvascular endothelial cells in the skin➡️ rash virus can no longer be
recovered ➡️patient can no longer spread virus to other
60
Measles virus (Paramyxoviridae) disease
Disease
61
Measles virus (Paramyxoviridae) features
Koplik spots
62
Measles virus (Paramyxoviridae) Complications
otitis media, giant cell pneumonia, SSPE, bronchiolitis oblierans
63
Measles virus (Paramyxoviridae) diagnosis
Multinucleated giant cells (Warthin- Finkelday bodies)
64
Measles virus (Paramyxoviridae) cardinal signs
3Cs: cough, coryza and conjunctivitis (+ fever), and Koplik spots
65
Mumps virus
Bayook
66
Mumps virus Pathogenesis and disease
Parotitis
Orchitis
Asceptic meningitis
Pancreatitis
67
Mumps virus prevention
MMR Vaccine
68
Viral pneumonia in infants
Respiratory syncytial virus
69
laryngotracheobronchitis or croup
(“Steeple sign” on X-ray)
Parainfluenza virus 1 and 2
70
Parainfluenza virus 1 and 2 treatment
Racemic epinephrine
71
Hemagglutinin +
Neuraminidase -
Fusion Proteins+
Measles
72
Hemagglutinin +
Neuraminidase +
Fusion Proteins+
Mumps
73
Hemagglutinin -
Neuraminidase -
Fusion Proteins+
RSV
74
Hemagglutinin +
Neuraminidase +
Fusion Proteins+
Parainfluenza
75
Rhabdoviridae virus
Rabies virus
76
bullet-shaped enveloped helical non- segmented (-ssRNA)
Rabies virus (Rhabdoviridae)
77
Rabies virus transmission
animal (dogs, cat, skunks, racoons and bat) – via animal bite (retrograde transport)
78
1st rabies syndrome
Pain / itchiness / paesthesia (numbness)
79
Rabies virus incubation period
2 weeks to 6 years
80
Rabies acute neurologic period
Encephalitic/Furious Rabiel
Paralytic/Dumb Rabies
81
Rabies Virus Phobic spasms:
hydrophobia, aerophobia
82
Encephalitic/furious rabies
Phobic spasms
Fluctuationg consciousness
Autonomic instability
83
Paralytic /Dumb Rabies
Percussion myoedema
84
Occurs secondary to respiratory center dysfunction
Death
85
Has the highest case fatality ratio pf any infectious disease
Rabies
86
Diagnosis of rabies virus
Negri bodies and immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT)
87
Rabies treatment pre exposire
Vaccine (PVRV or PDEV or PCEV – D0, D7, and D21/28)
88
Rabies virus Post-exposure
Vaccine +/- Immunoglobulin
89
Filoviridae virus
Ebola virus
90
targets endothelial cells, phagocytes, hepatocytes
Ebola virus
91
Enveloped RNA Viruses (positive sense)
Coronaviridaw
Flaviviridae
Togaviridae
92
enveloped helical non-segmented, (+ ssRNA), w/ prominent club- shaped spikes form a “corona”
Corona virus
93
Corona virus reservoir
Horseshoe bat
94
Corona virus immediate host
Civet cat
95
Spectrum of disease coronavirus
1. Common colds (2nd to rhinovirus)
2. SARS
3. MERS-COV
4. COVID-19
96
Hepatitis C virus transmission
(major) blood-borne, IV drug users; (minor) NSI, during birth and sexual
97
Replication of HCV in the
Liver
98
Replication of HCV in the liver is enhanced by a liver- specific micro-RNA called
miR-122
99
acts by increasing the synthesis of HCV mRNA.
Micro rna
100
Hep C incubation period
8 weeks
101
HCV infection also leads to significant
autoimmune reactions and extrahepatic manifestations, including:
o Thyroiditis
o Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
O ITP
O MPGN
O DM
o leukocytoclastic vasculitis
o ^ risk of B-cell NHL
o lichen planus
o porphyria cutanea tarda
102
HCV DIAGNOSIS
anti-HCV antibodies, recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) and PCR (HCV-RNA)
103
Hcv Treatment and Prevention:
1. Acute hepatitis C: Peginterferon alfa
2. Chronic hepatitis C: combination of Peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin if genotype 1, add: protease inhibitor (boceprevir, simeprevir)
104
Togaviridae virus
Rubella virus
