Practical Flashcards
(81 cards)
1
Q
What epidymus layer is this?
A
- Stratum granulosum
2
Q
What cell layer is A? What does its presence indicate?
A
- Stratum lucidum
- It’s thick skin
3
Q
What is this cell layer?
A
Stratum spinosum
- 8-10 layers thick*
- -the desmosomes from neighbouring cells remain tightly bound to each other looking like spines*
4
Q
What shape are squamous cells?
A
Squamous means latin for scale, so they are thing scale likes structures
5
Q
What are the shapes of straitifed squamous cells?
A
More flat at athe top and more cuboidal at the basal membrane
6
Q
What is the classification of this epidermous?
A
Stratified squamous
- nuclei are flattened
- cells are more flat at top, more cuboidal at bottom
7
Q
What is the classification of this epidermous?
A
Stratified squamous
- Flattened nuclei
- Cells are more flat at top and cubal at the bottom
8
Q
What classifiation of epidermis is typcially involved with secretion/transport of substances across a single cell layer?
A
Usually simple columnar cells, but simple cells are good for this as well
9
Q
What is the classification of this epidermous?
A
Simple columnar
10
Q
- What is the structure indicated by the arrow?
- What organ’s epithelium are they found in?
- Where in the cell is this structure found?
A
- Goblet cell
- Found in small intestine and trachea (and colon)
- Apical surface
11
Q
- What are the structures in the arrow?
- What organ is this structure found?
- What is the dark line on top of this structure?
A
- Absorptive cell
* how to tell apart from goblet? this is striated* - Small intestine
- Brush border, full of microvilli
12
Q
Practical slides that are simple columnar epithelium
A
Ileum
13
Q
A
Blood vessel
14
Q
What cell layer?
A
Stratum basale
15
Q
A
- Trachea
- Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epitheliumn
Goblet cells
basal bodies below cilia
16
Q
- Identify this organ
- Name 2 identifiable features
A
- Urinary bladder
Transitionally epithelium, a type of pseudostratifed epithelium found in the bladder, ureter, portion of the urethra
Dome cells that are multinucleated and have thick membrane
17
Q
A
fixed macrophage
- blue dots in the cytoplasm*
- often have an elongated irregular shape that reflects their ameboid, wandering nature*
this is a loose connective tissue slide
18
Q
A
blue: mast cell
red: collagen
19
Q
Identify
A
Loose connective tissue
pink skeletal muscle surround by connective tissue
mast cells: oval cells near bloodv essels, pink puple in color
fixed macrophages: have a lot of blue dots, weirdly shapped
collagen: swiggly pink-orangish lines
fibroblasts: dark purple enlongate ncueli
20
Q
A
In stomach
plasma cells
have clock face distrubtion due to their heterochromatin distribution around their eccentric nuclei
bluish cytoplasm with clear golgi
21
Q
A
in the stomach…
ovoid euchromatic nuclei
22
Q
A
blue - collagen in dermis palpilla
green - collage in reticular layer
red - stratum corneum
23
Q
What layer is indicated by the blue?
What does it serve as an example of?
What is the papillary layer an example of?
A
retricular layer
dense irregular connective tissue
loose connective tissue
24
Q
identify all the structure
what makes the brownish color in the stratum basale?
A
red - stratum basale
blue - stratum spongiosum
black - stratum granulosum
green- stratum corneum
brownish color is keratinotinocytes
25
what structure is the pink area at the bottom?
logntiudinal cut of tendon
fibroblastic nuclei are small slivers (in cross section they are dots)
also the msucle is more blue
26
What tissue is this/
What is indicated by the black droplets?
ADipose tissue
Black droplets are lipid
27
brown fat cell
multilocular (have many lipid groups as opposed to adipose tissue
centrall located nucleus
a lot of capillaries
28
red lines: perichondrium
blue: hyaline cartilage
notice chorndrocytes in lumen
in larynx slide
29
arrows to.. lacunae
larynx slide
30
larynz slide
hyaline cartilage
\*\*closed diaphargm did not see elastic fibers
31
pinna of ear stained with picro-orcein showing elastic fibers
32
fibrocartilage in intervertebral disc
\*can tell by herringbone pattern
chondrocytes
33
spongy bone "spicula" bones.. little lines surrounded by marrow, don't have haversion canals or volkmans canals
## Footnote
but do have osteocytes
34
red: spongy bone
blue: compact bone
35
radius
red: periosteum
blue: endoostem
mc; marrow cavity
36
how do you know this is compact bone?
circumferential lamellae around canals or openings -\> haversion canals
around haversion canal are endosteum
37
how can you tell difference between volkamsn can haversion canal?
volkamans canal is perpendicular to bone so haversion is more of a circle
38
this is spongy bone from radius slide. what cells can you distinguish?
endosteum around the spong bone
canaliculi in green
osteocytes in red
39
tooth slide
alveolar process surrounding teeht
40
alveolar process
41
tooth slide
osteoblasts near forming bone
very closely packed, very basophillic
42
ostemclasts
aroudn degrading bone...
form extremely tight little balls.. usually largely than osteblasts
43
what is this organ?
what muscle is in here?
(cross section) Duodenum
see 4 coats (characteristic of digestive system): mucosa, submucosa, muscualris externalis, serosa
- brunners glands (globs of cells in submucosa) let you know its duodenum
- see auberachs plexus between inner circular and outer logntiudinal layers of muscalris externalis
musclaris externalis has SMOOTH MUSCLE
44
what cell is this?
identifhy the arrows
green: musclaris externa
red: submucosa
yellow: muscosa
usually 4 layers of digestive tract: mucosa, submucoda, masclaris externa, serosa (ON TOP)
this is duodenum
45
what is green arrow? what type of cell does it indicate?
green: brunners glands, characteristic of duodenum
of muscalris externa....
red: outer longitudinal layer
yellow: inner corcular layer
46
what cell is this?
what is at the arrow?
what layers is it between
duodenum
auberbachs plexus
inner circular and outer longtiudinal layers of muscularis externa
47
Muscle tendon junction in logntiudinal
tendon: dense regular tissue
fewer nculei, and thinner
skeletal muscle
48
cross section of muscle tendon junction
49
musculotendon junction
skeletal muscle in cross section
\*see striations
skseletal muscle is multi nucleated and the ncueli are peripherally located
50
human musculotendon junction
51
human muscloskeltal junciton
The
dense regular connective tissue of the tendon is below, while the skeletal
muscle is above.
52
skeletal muscle, human
see striations in muscle.. know is skeltal muscle
53
right ventricle stained only
with a hematoxylin.
The luman (L) of the ventricle is at the bottom.
Theouter surface of the organ is covered by the epicardium (ep)
while thelumen is lined by the thin endocardium (en).
The bulk of the wall of theventricle consists of cardiac muscle (cm), that is cut in numerous planes.
\*know its cardiac muscle because nuclei in center of fiber, fibers branch, not parallel, see little fibers between muscle fibers
54
ventricle
red; myocadium \*made of cardiac muscle
green at bottom: thin endocardium
55
what msucle is this? how do you know?
cardiac muscle, from right ventricle
see nuclei in center of the fiber
fibers itnerwoven not parallel like skeletal.. stratied alothugh you cant see it much
56
cardiac muscle, cut in cross section
still mutlincuelated
can tell fibers arent paralle
57
cardiac muscle
purkinje fibers near endocardium
58
left ventricle
. The epicardium (ep) is at the top of the
section, and the myocardium (mc), composed of cardiac muscle cells,
59
left ventricle
cardiac muscle in cross section
see nuclei in the middle
fibers not apralle
60
silver stain of skeletal muscle
61
Sciatic nerve
the epineurium, is comprised of moderately dense to
loose connective tissue and highly vascularize
perineurium, a thin but regular sheath comprised of collagen fibers, encircles the axons, organizing
them into discreet bundles. \* this is highly eosinophilic, help identify peripheral nerves
62
longitudinal of sciatic nerve
has both myelinated and unmyelinated
arrows show: e clefts of Schmidt-Lanterman
these indicate extend of myelination, since myelin is a lipid and doesnt take up stain\*\*
63
longitudinal section of scieatic nerve
\* clefts of Schmidt-Lanterman
64
cross section of a portion of a muscle spindle and associated skeletal muscle
arrow shows muscle spindle \*dont confuse with blood vessel
65
**skeletal muscle**
cross section of a portion of a muscle spindle and associated skeletal muscle
msucle spindle: encapsulated structure with intrafusal fibers
66
**skeletal muscle**
detailed view of muscle spindle slide
see intracapsular fibers that they may contain
67
peripheral nerve at top
\*prominant peritoneum
pacisnian corpuscle at bottom
pacisinian corpuscle: centrally located axon is surrounded by concentric lamellae of specialized fibroblasts
68
**finger**
pacinian corpuscle
69
skin of finger
meissners corpuscles
```
. Meissner's corpuscles consist of a very regular lamellar array or
stack of (modified) Schwann cells
```
70
2 meisners corpuscles and many vascular island
71
cross section fo finger
bone and tendon
in the middle
Pacinian corpuscle with your naked eye.
The Pacinian corpuscle is surrounded by the adipose
tissue of the hypodermis and may be near bundles of nerves
he outer capsule of the corpuscle resembles the perineurium and one may
observe a nerve fiber in the center
72
**Skin of finger**
of epidermis and dermis with dermal
papillae extending towards the surface and epidermal pegs extending down.
These
irregularities provide firm anchor of epidermis to dermis and produces “vascular islands”
in the epidermis that are actually continuous with the dermal papillae.
Within the dermal
papillae be able to distinguish vascular islands or loops from the encapsulated sensory
structure of a Meissner’s corpuscle.
73
**: Sensory Ganglion with Dorsal Root and Nerve**
arrows on left: sensory neurons
\*r centrally located nuclei and the
regular arrangement of surrounding satellite cells
arrow on right: satellite neuron
\*\*\*presence of myelinated fibers
74
waht are these cells? what are they surrounded by?
sensory cells
surrounded by regualrly placed satelitte cells
75
myelination of sensory neuron
76
**Sympathetic ganglia**
Multipolar neurons.... UNMYELINATED!
77
autonomic ganglia
cell bodies of neurons
78
bottom arrows pointing to axons of unmyelinated nerves
79
nodes of rnavier
\*myenated axon
80
sympathetic ganglia
multiple processes coming from multipolar neuron, can be seen with silver stain
multipolar neurons ahve acentric nuclei
81
smooth muscle or duodenum
parasympathetic ganglia in auberachs plexus
between longitudinial layer (upper) and inner circular layer (lower)
nulcie of auerbachs plexus are large and porminent
