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Functional Anatomy > Practical 2 Palpaptions > Flashcards

Practical 2 Palpaptions Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

Manubriosternal Joint

A
  1. Located @ level of T4/5
  2. Articulates w/2nd rib
  3. Fibrocartilaginous disc that connects hyaline cartilage ends
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2
Q

Xiphisternal Joint

A
  1. Located @ level of T9
  2. Synchondrosis
  3. Fuses w/body of sternum w/age
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3
Q

1st rib

A
  1. Attaches to manubrium & T1
  2. Anterior/middle scalenes attach here
  3. Subclavian artery/vein run superior
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4
Q

Sternocostal Joint

A
  1. Connects rib cartilage to sternum @ ribs 2-7
  2. Synovial/diarthrodial
  3. Supported by capsule, radiate ligament, & interarticular ligament
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5
Q

Costochondral Joint

A
  1. Synarthrosis/synchondrosis
  2. No ligaments
  3. Formed by articulating w/costal cartilage @ ribs 1-10
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6
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A
  1. Assist in forced expiration but inactive in quiet stance
  2. Origin → pubis & Insertion → xiphoid process
  3. Innervation → segmentally by ventral rami of spinal nerves
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7
Q

External Oblique

A
  1. Origin: lower 8 ribs
  2. Insertion: linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior illiac crest
  3. Innervation: T7 & below spinal nerves
  4. Flexion & contralateral rotation of trunk
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8
Q

Spinous Processes of T2-5

A
  1. Rhomboid major attachment site
  2. Kyphotic
  3. Supraspinous ligament attachment
  4. T2 @ level of superior angle of scapula
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9
Q

Supraspinous Ligament

A
  1. Connects spinous processes
  2. Checks flexion
  3. Runs from C7-sacrum
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10
Q

Spinous Processes of T7-8

A
  1. Slope downward 2 vertebral levels
  2. T7 is @ inferior angle of scapula
  3. Trapezius & Lats attachment
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11
Q

Spinous Processes of T11-12

A
  1. Slope down 1 vertebral level or not at all
  2. Thoracolumbar fascia attachment
  3. Thicker for more muscular attachments
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12
Q

Transverse Processes of T spine

A
  1. Intertransverse ligament → tensioned w/contralateral lateral flexion
  2. Articulates w/rib @ costotransverse joint
  3. Widen @ end of articulation w/costal tubercles
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13
Q

Ribs

A
  1. Ribs 11-12 are floating ribs
  2. Ribs 8-10 are false ribs
  3. Ribs 1-7 are true ribs
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14
Q

Erector Spinae

A
  1. Eccentric control of flexion
  2. 3 parts: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
  3. Innervation: segmentally by dorsal rami C1-L5
  4. Insert into sacrum
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15
Q

ASIS

A
  1. Level of S1/2
  2. Inguinal ligament & sartorius attachment
  3. Part of the ilium
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16
Q

Femoral Artery

A
  1. Located in femoral triangle
  2. Supplies anterior thigh
  3. Passes through adductor hiatus to become popliteal artery
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17
Q

Iliac Crest

A
  1. Level of L4
  2. Attachment for external obliques & transversus abdominis
  3. Bony landmark connecting ASIS & PSIS
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18
Q

Lumbar Spinous Processes

A
  1. Large muscle attachments for erector spinae
  2. Caudal to TP of same vertebrae
  3. Limit extension in far end of range
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19
Q

L5-S1 Facet Joints

A
  1. Sagittal & coronal orientation
  2. Biplanar so L5 doesnt slide off S1
  3. Sacralization & lumbarization
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20
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A
  1. Laterally flexes lumbar spine
  2. Innervation → ventral rami of T12-L3
  3. Aids in respiration by fixing 12th rib
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21
Q

Multifidi

A
  1. Lateral flexion & trunk extension
  2. Innervation → segmentally by dorsal rami
  3. Origin → TPs, PSIS, sacrum & Insertion → SPs
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22
Q

Iliolumbar Ligament

A
  1. Origin: L5 TP
  2. Insertion: iliac crest
  3. Limits lateral flexion
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23
Q

PSIS

A
  1. @ level of S2
  2. Long dorsal SI ligament attaches here
  3. Thoracolumbar fascia & erector spinae tendon attach here
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24
Q

SI Joint

A
  1. Bony articulation btwn sacrum & iliac bones
  2. Women have less surface but more mobile
  3. Small amounts of movement
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25
Long Dorsal SI Ligament
1. Origin: PSIS & iliac crest 2. Insertion: Sacrum 3. Dynamic & static stabilizer
26
Inferolateral angle of sacrum
1. Bottom angle of sacrum 2. More curved in males 3. Narrowing of sacrum
27
Ischial Tuberosity
1. Attachment for hamstrings 2. Location of ischiogluteal bursae 3. Sacrotuberous ligament attaches here
28
Sacrotuberous Liagament
1. Origin: sacrum 2. Insertion: ischial tuberosity 3. Checks nutation of sacrum
29
Gluteus Maximus
1. Origin: ala of ilium 2. Insertion: gluteal tuberosity 3. Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve 4. Action: extend & laterally rotate hip
30
Gluteus Medius & Minimus
1. Origin: ala of ilium 2. Insertion: greater trochanter 3. Innervation: superior gluteal nerve 4. Action: abduct & medially rotate hip
31
Piriformis
1. Origin: sacrum 2. Insertion: greater trochanter 3. Small lateral rotator of hip
32
Sciatic Nerve
1. L4-S3 2. Exits under piriformis 3. Innervates → posterior thigh, lower leg, foot
33
Greater Trochanter
1. Attachment for gluteus medius, minimus, piriformis, etc. 2. Inferior to femoral head 3. Site of bursitis
34
Adductor Tubercle
1. On distal femur 2. Attachment for part of adductor magnus 3. Superior to medial epicondyle of femur 4. Just below adductor hiatus
35
Femoral Triangle
1. Femoral Nerve, Artery, Vein, Empty space, Lymphatics 2. Lateral border → sartorius 3. Medial border → adductor longus 4. Superior border → inguinal ligament
36
Sartorius
1. Origin: ASIS 2. Insertion: Pes anserinus 3. Innervation: femoral nerve 4. Action: externally rotate hip & internally rotate knee
37
Gracilis
1. Origin: ischiopubic ramus 2. Insertion: Pes anserinus 3. Innervation: obterator nerve 4. Action: adduct hip & flex knee
38
Psoas Major
1. Flexes hip 2. Innervation: lumbar plexus 3. Origin: lumbar vertebrae 4. Insertion: lesser trochanter
39
Quadriceps
1. Extends knee & flexes hip 2. Innervation: femoral nerve 3. Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius → all form quadricep tendon
40
Tensor Fascia Lata
1. Internally rotates hip 2. Extends hip & knee 3. Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
41
Medial Joint Line of Knee
1. btwn femur & tibia 2. Location of MCL 3. Medial meniscus sits btwn
42
Medial Tibial Plateau
1. Medial meniscus sits on top 2. MCL & coronary ligament attachments 3. Bears more weight & concave
43
Medial Femoral Condyle
1. Projects more distally than lateral 2. Larger AP diameter 3. MCL & PCL attach here
44
Medial Meniscus
1. Attaches to medial tibial plateau by coronary ligaments 2. Larger than lateral meniscus 3. Functions as a shock absorber & force distributor
45
Medial Collateral Ligament
1. Attaches to medial meniscus 2. Resists valgus force & lateral rotation of tibia 3. Anterior portion taut w/flexion & posterior taut w/ extension
46
Pes Anserinas
1. Insertion site for semitendinosus, sartorius, & gracilis 2. Common place for bursitis 3. Lies on top of anterior medial tibia
47
Semitendinosus
1. Attaches to pes anserinas 2. 2 joint muscle 3. Innervation → tibial division of sciatic nerve 4. Flexes & internally rotates knee
48
Semimembranosus
1. Connects to medial meniscus by posterior oblique ligament 2. Innervation → tibial division of sciatic nerve 3. Extends hip & flexes knee
49
Patella
1. Located above intercondylar groove during extension 2. Moves in a C shape as knee is flexed 3. Largest seasmoid bone in body
50
Trochlear Groove
1. Larger & higher on medial side 2. May be a cause of patella malalignment 3. Corresponds to vertical ridge of patella
51
Quadriceps Tendon
1. Provides stability to patella 2. Inserts into tibial tuberosity 3. Common insertion site of quadricep muscles
52
Patellar Tendon
1. Attaches to tibial tuberosity 2. Patella alta → long tendon 3. Patella baja → short tendon
53
Synovial Plica
1. Fold in synovial lining 2. Longitudinal orientation 3. Not everyone has it
54
Lateral Meniscus
1. Smaller than medial meniscus 2. Absorbs more load during static standing bc of greater SA 3. LCL does not attach to it
55
Lateral Tibial Plateau
1. Broader than medial condyle 2. ACL & LCL attachment 3. IT band crosses it
56
Lateral Tubercle
1. Insertion of IT band on anterior-lateral tibia 2. Attachment for anterior tibialis 3. Fibular nerve runs near it
57
LCL
1. Resists varus force 2. Resists lateral rotation of tibia 3. Attaches to head of fibula
58
Head of Fibula
1. Attachment for LCL 2. Not part of knee joint 3. Biceps femoris attachment
59
Biceps Femoris
1. Origin → ischial tuberosity or linea aspera 2. Insertion → fibular head 3. Flexes knee & extends hip
60
Popliteal Artery
1. Becomes popliteal after passing through adductor hiatus 2. Gives off genicular branches around knee 3. Terminal branches into tibial & fibular arteries
61
1st MTP Joint
1. Articulation btwn great toe phalanx & metatarsal bone 2. Crucial for gait pattern 3. Helps aid in balance
62
Navicular Tubercle
1. Attachment site for posterior tibial muscles 2. Articulates w/cuneiforms & talus 3. Attachment for spring ligament
63
Head of Talus
1. Articulates w/navicular, calcaneus, & cuboid 2. Must move to allow eversion & inversion 3. Forms talocrural joint w/tibia & subtaler joint w/ calcaneus
64
Medial Malleolus
1. Tibialis posterior, flexior dig longus, & flexor hallucis longus run posterior 2. Deltoid ligament attachment 3. Increases stability @ medial aspect of talus
65
Sustenaculum Tali
1. On calcaneus 2. Inferiorly has groove for tendon of flexor hallucis longus 3. Attachment for portion of deltoid & spring ligament
66
Medial Tubercle of Talus
1. Felt with eversion 2. Mortise → fits directly into tibia (whole talus is mortise) 3. Attachment site for talocalcaneal ligament & medial tibiotalar ligament
67
5th Metatarsal Bone
1. Has tubercle for fibularis brevis attachment 2. Lateral aspect of foot 3. Head involved in transverse distal arch
68
5th MTP Joint
1. Condyloid joint 2. Articulation btwn 5th MT & 5th phalanx 3. Abductor digiti minimi assists to abduct toe
69
Sinus Tarsi
1. Intercalcaneal ligament holds subtalar joint together 2. Tunnel btwn talus & calcaneus 3. ATFL runs through it
70
Dome of Talus
1. Convex 2. Articulates w/tibia & fibula 3. Moves posteriorly w/dorsiflexion & anteriorly w/plantarflexion
71
Dome of Calcaneus
1. Attachments → gastronemius, soleus, plantaris, EDB 2. Has a fat pad under it 3. Part of the rearfoot
72
Medial Tubercle of Calcaneus
1. Attachments → abductor hallucis, FDB, plantar aponeurosis 2. Most weight bearing 3. Component of hind/rearfoot
73
Sesamoid Bones
1. Abductor hallucis attaches to medial sesamoid bone 2. Attachment for flexor hallucis brevis 3. Absorbs weight
74
Metatarsal Heads
1. Typically weight bearing surface of foot 2. Distal transverse arch lies over top metatarsal heads 3. Fibularis longus attaches onto 1st metatarsal
75
Transverse Tarsal Articulations
1. Midtarsal joint 2. Separates bones of rearfoot & midfoot 3. Unlocks to help w/gait
76
Lateral Malleolus
1. Fibularis longus & brevis run posterior & inferior 2. Position influences axis of motion of talocrural joint 3. Fibular artery terminates here
77
Tibialis Posterior
1. Posterior deep compartment of leg 2. Posterior tibial artery 3. Tibial nerve 4. Plantarflexion & inversion
78
Spring Ligament
1. Short & strong 2. Increase stress as you step 3. Limits gapping btwn calcaneus & navicular during terminal stance
79
Deltoid Ligament
1. Stabilizes medial malleolus 2. Resists eversion 3. Difficult to strain → requires forceful eversion
80
Posterior Tibial Artery
1. Supplies deep posterior compartment of leg 2. Branch off popliteal artery 3. Terminates into medial & lateral plantar arteries
81
Tibialis Anterior
1. Anterior compartment of leg 2. Deep fibular nerve 3. Anterior tibial artery & dorsalis pedis artery
82
Extensor Hallucis Longus
1. Extends great toe & ankle dorsiflexion 2. Deep fibular nerve 3. Anterior tibial artery & dorsalis pedis artery
83
Extensor Digitorum Longus
1. Extension of toes & ankle dorsiflexion 2. Deep fibular nerve 3. Anterior tibial artery 7 dorsalis pedis artery
84
Dorsalis Pedis Artery
1. Supplies dorsum of foot 2. Branch off anterior tibial artery 3. Common pulse taken to evaluate peripheral circulation
85
Anterior Talofibular Ligament
1. Commonly sprained during inversion 2. Prevents talus from moving anterior under mortise 3. Plantarflexion & inversion causes sprain
86
Peroneal Tubercle
1. Separates longus & brevis tendons 2. On the calcaneus 3. FL & FB innervated by superficial fibular nerve
87
Fibularis Longus & Brevis
1. Eversion & plantarflexion 2. Superficial fibular nerve 3. Longus attaches to 5th metatarsal & brevis attaches to 5th metatarsal tubercle
88
Gastrocnemius
1. 2 joint muscle 2. Extends knee & plantar flexes ankle 3. Tibial nerve
89
Soleus
1. Very strong plantar flexor 2. Posterior tibial artery 3. Tibial nerve
90
Achilles Tendon
1. Common insertion of gastrocnemius & soleus 2. Can be inflamed 3. Largest & strongest tendon in the body
91
Plantar Aponeurosis
1. Holds tarsal bones together 2. Stabilizes lateral longitudinal arch 3. Windlass mechanism → tightening causes arch to rise & have more stable base for gait
92
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
1. Extends toes 1-4 2. Deep fibular nerve 3. Dorsal calcaneus to proximal phalanx of toes 1-4
93
Abductor Hallucis
1. Flexes & abducts big toe 2. Supports medial longitudinal arch 3. Medial plantar nerve
94
Abductor Digiti Minimi
1. Flexion & abducts 5th phalanx 2. Lateral plantar nerve 3. Lateral border of foot

Functional Anatomy (3 decks)

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