Practical Class 2: Functional Anatomy – the Upper Limb Flashcards
1
Q
Define
Upper Limb
A
The upper limb refers to the entire arm, including the shoulder, upper arm, forearm, and hand.
2
Q
Define
Shoulder Joint
A
The ball-and-socket joint formed by the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula, allowing for a wide range of motion.
3
Q
Define
Scapula
A
The shoulder blade, a flat, triangular bone located on the posterior side of the thorax.
4
Q
Define
Spine of Scapula
A
A bony ridge on the posterior surface of the scapula, extending from the acromion to the medial border.
5
Q
Define
Acromion
A
The lateral end of the spine of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder.
6
Q
Define
Coracoid Process
A
A bony projection on the anterior aspect of the scapula, providing attachment for muscles and ligaments.
7
Q
Define
Glenoid Cavity or Fossa
A
A shallow, cup-shaped depression on the lateral aspect of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus.
8
Q
Define
Medial (Vertebral) Border
A
The edge of the scapula that faces the vertebral column.
9
Q
Define
Clavicle
A
The collarbone, a slender bone that connects the sternum to the acromion of the scapula.
10
Q
Define
Acromial (Lateral) End
A
The end of the clavicle that articulates with the acromion of the scapula.
11
Q
Define
Sternal (Medial) End
A
The end of the clavicle that articulates with the sternum.
12
Q
Define
Humerus
A
The long bone of the upper arm or forelimb, extending from the shoulder to the elbow.
13
Q
Define
Head, Shaft (humerus)
A
The rounded proximal end of the humerus that fits into the glenoid cavity, and the elongated portion of the bone extending distally.
14
Q
Define
Medial and Lateral Epicondyles of the humerus
A
Prominent bony projections on the distal end of the humerus, serving as attachment sites for muscles of the forearm.
15
Q
Define
Capitulum (Lateral Condyle)
A
The rounded, knob-like structure on the distal end of the humerus that articulates with the head of the radius.
16
Q
Define
Trochlea (Medial Condyle)
A
The spool-shaped structure on the distal end of the humerus that articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna.
17
Q
Define
Deltoid Tuberosity
A
A roughened area on the lateral side of the humeral shaft where the deltoid muscle attaches.
18
Q
Define
Greater Tubercle
A
A large, bony prominence on the proximal end of the humerus, located laterally to the head.
19
Q
Define
Intertubercular Sulcus
A
A groove located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus, through which the tendon of the biceps brachii passes.
20
Q
Define
Ulna
A
The medial bone of the forearm, located on the inner side of the forearm when in the standard anatomical position.
21
Q
Define
Olecranon Process (Elbow)
A
The prominent bony projection on the proximal end of the ulna, forming the point of the elbow.
22
Q
Define
Trochlear Notch
A
A deep, C-shaped notch on the proximal end of the ulna that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.
23
Q
Define
Styloid Process
A
A pointed, bony projection on the distal end of the ulna.
24
Q
Define
Radius
A
The lateral bone of the forearm, located on the outer side of the forearm when in the standard anatomical position.
25
# Define
Radial Tuberosity
A roughened area on the proximal end of the radius where the biceps brachii tendon attaches.
26
# Define
Styloid Process
A pointed, bony projection on the distal end of the radius.
27
# Define
Interosseous Membrane
A fibrous sheet of connective tissue that connects the shafts of the radius and ulna.
28
# Define
Carpals
The eight small bones that form the wrist.
29
# Define
Metacarpals
The five bones that form the middle part of the hand, between the wrist and the fingers.
30
# Define
Phalanges
The bones of the fingers and toes.
31
# Define
Hinge Joint
A type of synovial joint that allows movement primarily in one plane, like the elbow.
32
# Define
Pivot Joint
A type of synovial joint that allows rotational movement, like the radioulnar joint.
33
# Define
Condylar Joints
Synovial joints where an oval-shaped condyle fits into an elliptical cavity, allowing movement in two planes, such as the wrist joint.
34
# Define
Saddle Joint
A synovial joint where the articular surfaces resemble a saddle, allowing movement in two planes, like the thumb joint.
35
# Define
Origin
The fixed attachment point of a muscle, usually proximal.
36
# Define
Insertion
The movable attachment point of a muscle, usually distal.
37
# Define
Trapezius
A large, triangular muscle on the back that supports and moves the shoulder blades and extends the neck.
38
# Define
Latissimus Dorsi
A broad, flat muscle on the back that extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.
39
# Define
Pectoralis Major
A thick, fan-shaped muscle on the chest that adducts and medially rotates the arm and assists with shoulder flexion.
40
# Define
Serratus Anterior
A muscle on the lateral side of the thorax that helps to protract and stabilize the scapula.
41
# Define
Deltoid
A large, rounded muscle on the shoulder that abducts, flexes, and extends the arm.
42
# Define
Rotator Cuff Muscles
A group of four muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
43
# Define
Supraspinatus
A rotator cuff muscle that abducts the arm and stabilizes the shoulder joint.
44
# Define
Subscapularis
A rotator cuff muscle that medially rotates the arm and helps to stabilize the shoulder joint.
45
# Define
Teres Minor
A rotator cuff muscle that laterally rotates the arm and stabilizes the shoulder joint.
46
# Define
Infraspinatus
A rotator cuff muscle that laterally rotates the arm and helps to stabilize the shoulder joint.
47
# Define
Biceps Brachii
A muscle on the front of the upper arm that flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm.
48
# Define
Triceps Brachii
A muscle on the back of the upper arm that extends the elbow.
49
# Define
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
A muscle of the forearm that flexes the middle phalanges of the fingers.
50
# Define
Flexor Pollicis Longus
A muscle of the forearm that flexes the thumb.
51
# Define
Extensor Digitorum
A muscle of the forearm that extends the fingers.
52
# Define
Extensor Pollicis Longus
A muscle of the forearm that extends the thumb.
53
# Define
Venepuncture
The process of obtaining intravenous access for intravenous therapy or venous blood sampling.
54
# Define
Median Cubital Vein
A major vein in the arm commonly used for venipuncture, located in the cubital fossa.
55
# Define
Cubital Fossa
A triangular area on the anterior aspect of the elbow, containing important veins, arteries, and nerves.
56
# Define
Cephalic Vein
A superficial vein running along the lateral side of the forearm and arm, often used for venipuncture.
57
# Define
Basilic Veins
Superficial veins running along the medial side of the forearm and arm, commonly used for venipuncture.
58
# What is
Refers to the entire arm, including the shoulder, upper arm, forearm, and hand.
Upper Limb
59
# What is
The ball-and-socket joint formed by the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula, allowing for a wide range of motion.
Shoulder Joint
60
# What is
The shoulder blade, a flat, triangular bone located on the posterior side of the thorax.
Scapula
61
# What is
A bony ridge on the posterior surface of the scapula, extending from the acromion to the medial border.
Spine of Scapula
62
# What is
The lateral end of the spine of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder.
Acromion
63
# What is
A bony projection on the anterior aspect of the scapula, providing attachment for muscles and ligaments.
Coracoid Process
64
# What is
A shallow, cup-shaped depression on the lateral aspect of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus.
Glenoid Cavity or Fossa
65
# What is
The edge of the scapula that faces the vertebral column.
Medial (Vertebral) Border
66
# What is
The collarbone, a slender bone that connects the sternum to the acromion of the scapula.
Clavicle
67
# What is
The end of the clavicle that articulates with the acromion of the scapula.
Acromial (Lateral) End
68
# What is
The end of the clavicle that articulates with the sternum.
Sternal (Medial) End
69
# What is
The long bone of the upper arm or forelimb, extending from the shoulder to the elbow.
Humerus
70
# What is
The rounded proximal end of the humerus that fits into the glenoid cavity, and the elongated portion of the bone extending distally.
Head, Shaft
71
# What is
Prominent bony projections on the distal end of the humerus, serving as attachment sites for muscles of the forearm.
Medial and Lateral Epicondyles
72
# What is
The rounded, knob-like structure on the distal end of the humerus that articulates with the head of the radius.
Capitulum (Lateral Condyle)
73
# What is
The spool-shaped structure on the distal end of the humerus that articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna.
Trochlea (Medial Condyle)
74
# What is
A roughened area on the lateral side of the humeral shaft where the deltoid muscle attaches.
Deltoid Tuberosity
75
# What is
A large, bony prominence on the proximal end of the humerus, located laterally to the head.
Greater Tubercle
76
# What is
A groove located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus, through which the tendon of the biceps brachii passes.
Intertubercular Sulcus
77
# What is
The medial bone of the forearm, located on the inner side of the forearm when in the standard anatomical position.
Ulna
78
# What is
The prominent bony projection on the proximal end of the ulna, forming the point of the elbow.
Olecranon Process (Elbow)
79
# What is
A deep, C-shaped notch on the proximal end of the ulna that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.
Trochlear Notch
80
# What is
A pointed, bony projection on the distal end of the ulna.
Styloid Process
81
# What is
The lateral bone of the forearm, located on the outer side of the forearm when in the standard anatomical position.
Radius
82
# What is
A roughened area on the proximal end of the radius where the biceps brachii tendon attaches.
Radial Tuberosity
83
# What is
A pointed, bony projection on the distal end of the radius.
Styloid Process
84
# What is
A fibrous sheet of connective tissue that connects the shafts of the radius and ulna.
Interosseous Membrane
85
# What is
The eight small bones that form the wrist.
Carpals
86
# What is
The five bones that form the middle part of the hand, between the wrist and the fingers.
Metacarpals
87
# What is
The bones of the fingers and toes.
Phalanges
88
# What is
A type of synovial joint that allows movement primarily in one plane, like the elbow.
Hinge Joint
89
# What is
A type of synovial joint that allows rotational movement, like the radioulnar joint.
Pivot Joint
90
# What is
Synovial joints where an oval-shaped condyle fits into an elliptical cavity, allowing movement in two planes, such as the wrist joint.
Condylar Joints
91
# What is
A synovial joint where the articular surfaces resemble a saddle, allowing movement in two planes, like the thumb joint.
Saddle Joint
92
# What is
The fixed attachment point of a muscle, usually proximal.
Origin
93
# What is
The movable attachment point of a muscle, usually distal.
Insertion
94
# What is
A large, triangular muscle on the back that supports and moves the shoulder blades and extends the neck.
Trapezius
95
# What is
A broad, flat muscle on the back that extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.
Latissimus Dorsi
96
# What is
A thick, fan-shaped muscle on the chest that adducts and medially rotates the arm and assists with shoulder flexion.
Pectoralis Major
97
# What is
A muscle on the lateral side of the thorax that helps to protract and stabilize the scapula.
Serratus Anterior
98
# What is
A large, rounded muscle on the shoulder that abducts, flexes, and extends the arm.
Deltoid
99
# What is
A group of four muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
Rotator Cuff Muscles
100
# What is
A rotator cuff muscle that abducts the arm and stabilizes the shoulder joint.
Supraspinatus
101
# What is
A rotator cuff muscle that medially rotates the arm and helps to stabilize the shoulder joint.
Subscapularis
102
# What is
A rotator cuff muscle that laterally rotates the arm and stabilizes the shoulder joint.
Teres Minor
103
# What is
A rotator cuff muscle that laterally rotates the arm and helps to stabilize the shoulder joint.
Infraspinatus
104
# What is
A muscle on the front of the upper arm that flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm.
Biceps Brachii
105
# What is
A muscle on the back of the upper arm that extends the elbow.
Triceps Brachii
106
# What is
A muscle of the forearm that flexes the middle phalanges of the fingers.
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
107
# What is
A muscle of the forearm that flexes the thumb.
Flexor Pollicis Longus
108
# What is
A muscle of the forearm that extends the fingers.
Extensor Digitorum
109
# What is
A muscle of the forearm that extends the thumb.
Extensor Pollicis Longus
110
# What is
The process of obtaining intravenous access for intravenous therapy or venous blood sampling.
Venepuncture
111
# What is
A major vein in the arm commonly used for venipuncture, located in the cubital fossa.
Median Cubital Vein
112
# What is
A triangular area on the anterior aspect of the elbow, containing important veins, arteries, and nerves.
Cubital Fossa
113
# What is
A superficial vein running along the lateral side of the forearm and arm, often used for venipuncture.
Cephalic Vein
114
# What is
Superficial veins running along the medial side of the forearm and arm, commonly used for venipuncture.
Basilic Veins
115
Why is the shoulder joint considered one of the most complex joints in the body?
Because it is highly movable and structurally complex, allowing a wide range of motion.
116
Where are most hand movements controlled from?
Most hand movements are controlled by muscles located in the forearm, not the hand itself.
117
What is the clinical relevance of understanding upper limb anatomy for healthcare professionals?
It helps in managing and treating upper limb injuries, assisting with injections, and educating patients on the use of mobility-restricting devices.
118
What bones make up the pectoral (shoulder) girdle?
The clavicle and scapula.
119
What is the primary function of the pectoral girdles?
To attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton.
120
How are the scapulae shaped?
They are thin and triangular, resembling a spade or shovel.
121
What is the common injury associated with the clavicles?
Fractures, which can cause the shoulder to collapse medially.
122
What are the major structures to identify on the scapula?
The spine, acromion, coracoid process, glenoid cavity (or fossa), and medial (vertebral) border.
123
What are the major structures to identify on the clavicle?
The acromial (lateral) end and sternal (medial) end.
124
Where on the body can you locate the scapula’s spine?
On the posterior side of the shoulder blade.
125
Where can you find the acromion on your own body?
At the top of the shoulder, forming the highest point of the shoulder blade.
126
What is the acromial (lateral) end of the clavicle?
The end of the clavicle that articulates with the acromion of the scapula.
127
Where is the sternal (medial) end of the clavicle located?
At the end of the clavicle that articulates with the sternum.
128
How can you identify the glenoid cavity on the scapula?
As the shallow, cup-shaped depression that articulates with the head of the humerus.
129
What is the coracoid process on the scapula?
A bony projection on the anterior aspect of the scapula.
130
How does the medial (vertebral) border of the scapula appear?
It is the edge of the scapula that faces the vertebral column.
131
What might you observe if a clavicle fractures?
The shoulder may collapse medially due to the lack of support.
132
How can you locate the spine of the scapula on your own body?
Feel for the prominent ridge running across the back of the shoulder blade.
133
Where is the glenoid cavity or fossa found on the scapula?
On the lateral side, where the shoulder joint articulates with the humerus.
134
135
136
What is the primary function of the humerus in the upper limb?
It is the longest bone of the upper limb, articulating with the scapula at the shoulder and with the radius and ulna at the elbow.
137
How does the ulna contribute to the elbow joint?
The ulna’s trochlear notch articulates with the humeral trochlea, forming a key part of the elbow joint.
138
Which bone is slightly longer: the ulna or the radius?
The ulna is slightly longer than the radius.
139
How does the radius affect hand movements?
When the radius moves, the hand moves with it, as the radius contributes significantly to wrist movement.
140
What is the function of the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna?
It spans the space between the radius and ulna, providing stability and support.
141
What structures should be identified on the humerus?
The head, shaft, medial and lateral epicondyles, capitulum, trochlea, deltoid tuberosity, greater tubercle, and intertubercular sulcus.
142
Where is the deltoid tuberosity located on the humerus?
It is a roughened area on the lateral side of the humerus shaft where the deltoid muscle attaches.
143
What is the medial condyle of the humerus called?
The trochlea.
144
What is the lateral condyle of the humerus called?
The capitulum.
145
How can you identify the olecranon process on the ulna?
It is the prominent bony projection at the elbow.
146
What is the role of the radial tuberosity on the radius?
It provides an attachment point for the biceps brachii muscle.
147
What is the trochlear notch on the ulna?
A deep notch that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus to form the elbow joint.
147
Where is the styloid process located on the ulna and radius?
The styloid process is a bony prominence at the distal end of both the ulna and radius.
147
How can you locate the medial and lateral epicondyles on the humerus?
Feel for the bony projections on either side of the elbow joint.
148
What should you identify on the radius?
The head, radial tuberosity, shaft, and styloid process.
149
Where is the head of the radius found?
At the proximal end of the radius, articulating with the capitulum of the humerus.
150
How does the ulna’s role in hand movement compare to the radius?
The ulna plays little to no role in hand movements, whereas the radius is crucial for wrist and hand movement.
151
What is the function of the intertubercular sulcus on the humerus?
It is a groove that houses the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle.
152
153
154
155
What bones make up the skeleton of the hand?
The carpal bones, metacarpals, and phalanges.
156
How many carpal bones are in the wrist?
There are eight carpal bones.
157
What type of movement occurs between the carpal bones?
Gliding movements.
158
How many metacarpals are there in the hand?
There are five metacarpals.
159
Where do the metacarpals radiate from?
They radiate from the wrist to form the palm of the hand.
160
What bones are involved in the wrist joint?
The radius and the carpal bones.
161
How many phalanges are in each hand?
There are fourteen phalanges in total.
162
163
What is the articulation that forms the shoulder joint?
The glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus.
164
What type of joint is the shoulder joint?
It is a shallow ball and socket joint.
165
What provides stability to the shoulder joint?
The tone of the surrounding muscles and their tendons.
166
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
A hinge joint.
167
Which bones articulate at the elbow joint?
The humerus, ulna, and radius.
168
What movements are possible at the elbow joint?
Flexion and extension.
169
What type of joint are the radioulnar joints?
Pivot joints.
170
What movements occur at the radioulnar joints?
Rotation
171
What happens to the forearm during supination?
The palm faces forwards/upwards, and the radius and ulna are parallel.
172
What happens to the forearm during pronation?
The radius crosses over the ulna, and the palm faces backwards/downwards.
173
What type of joint is the wrist joint (radiocarpal)?
A condylar joint.
174
What movements are possible at the wrist joint?
Flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and circumduction.
175
How can you demonstrate wrist flexion and extension?
By moving your hand up and down, like during writing.
176
What type of joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints?
Condylar joints.
177
What movements can be performed at the metacarpophalangeal joints?
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.
178
What type of joint is the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?
A saddle joint.
179
What movements are possible at the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and opposition/reposition.
180
What type of joint are the interphalangeal joints?
Hinge joints.
181
What movements are possible at the interphalangeal joints?
Flexion and extension.
182
What is the origin of the trapezius muscle?
Occipital bone, cervical, and thoracic vertebrae.
183
Where does the trapezius muscle insert?
Clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula.
184
What are the actions of the trapezius muscle?
Elevation and depression of the scapula, retraction and rotation of the scapula, and extension of the neck.
185
What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Iliac crest of the hip bone, lower thoracic, and all lumbar vertebrae (T7-L5).
186
Where does the latissimus dorsi muscle insert?
Humerus
187
What are the actions of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Adduction, extension, and medial rotation of the humerus at the shoulder joint.
188
What is the origin of the pectoralis major muscle?
Clavicle, sternum, and upper ribs (2-6).
189
Where does the pectoralis major muscle insert?
Greater tubercle and intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.
190
What are the actions of the pectoralis major muscle?
Adduction, flexion, and medial rotation of the humerus at the shoulder joint.
191
What is the origin of the serratus anterior muscle?
Ribs (1-8/9).
192
Where does the serratus anterior muscle insert?
Entire anterior surface of the medial (vertebral) border of the scapula.
193
What are the actions of the serratus anterior muscle?
Protraction of the scapula (drawing it forward) and upward rotation of the scapula.
194
What is the origin of the deltoid muscle?
Clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula.
195
What is the action of the deltoid muscle?
Abduction of the humerus at the shoulder joint.
196
Where does the deltoid muscle insert?
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus (lateral aspect).
197
What is the primary function of the rotator cuff muscles?
To stabilize the shoulder joint.
198
What movements do the rotator cuff muscles facilitate?
Rotation (medial and lateral) and abduction of the humerus at the shoulder joint.
199
What are the names of the rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus, Subscapularis, Teres Minor, and Infraspinatus.
200
What is the action of the supraspinatus muscle?
Abduction of the humerus.
201
What is the action of the subscapularis muscle?
Medial rotation of the humerus.
202
What is the action of the teres minor muscle?
Lateral rotation of the humerus.
203
What is the action of the infraspinatus muscle?
Lateral rotation of the humerus.
204
How can you check the contraction of the rotator cuff muscles?
By performing actions such as throwing a ball or doing shoulder rotations.
205
Which muscle helps in the flexion of the humerus at the shoulder joint?
Pectoralis major.
206
Which muscle is involved in the downward rotation of the scapula?
Trapezius (inferior fibers).
207
What action of the shoulder joint involves bringing the arm forward and across the chest?
Flexion.
208
What action at the shoulder joint involves moving the arm to the side away from the body?
Abduction
209
What action at the shoulder joint involves moving the arm back towards the body?
Adduction.
210
Which muscle is responsible for the retraction of the scapula?
Trapezius (middle fibers).
211
Which muscle action is performed when you make a fist?
Flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints.
212
What action occurs at the wrist joint when you move your hand towards the thumb?
Abduction
213
What is the primary action at the interphalangeal joints of the fingers?
Flexion and extension.
214
How does the deltoid muscle contribute to shoulder movements?
It primarily facilitates abduction of the humerus.
215
Which muscle is involved in the protraction of the scapula?
Serratus anterior.
216
What action involves rotating the arm in a circular motion at the shoulder joint?
Circumduction.
217
218
219
Which muscle is a strong flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint?
Biceps brachii.
220
What is the major action of the triceps brachii?
Extension of the forearm at the elbow joint.
221
Where does the long head of the biceps brachii originate?
Scapula, above the glenoid cavity.
222
Where does the triceps brachii insert?
Olecranon process of the ulna.
223
Which muscle is involved in strong supination of the forearm?
Biceps brachii.
224
Which muscle helps in the abduction of the arm at the shoulder?
Deltoid
225
226
Where are the flexor digitorum superficialis muscles located?
In the anterior compartment of the forearm.
226
What is the origin of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Medial epicondyle of the humerus, ulna, and radius.
227
What is the insertion point of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Anterior surfaces of the phalanges.
228
What action does the flexor digitorum superficialis perform?
Flexion of the fingers.
229
Where is the flexor pollicis longus located?
In the anterior compartment of the forearm.
230
What is the origin of the flexor pollicis longus?
Radius (anterior shaft).
231
What is the insertion point of the flexor pollicis longus?
Distal phalanx of the thumb (anterior surface).
232
What action does the flexor pollicis longus perform?
Flexion of the thumb.
233
Where are the extensor digitorum muscles located?
In the posterior compartment of the forearm.
234
What is the origin of the extensor digitorum?
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
235
What is the insertion point of the extensor digitorum?
Posterior surfaces of the phalanges.
236
What action does the extensor digitorum perform?
Extension of the fingers.
237
Where is the extensor pollicis longus located?
In the posterior compartment of the forearm.
238
What is the origin of the extensor pollicis longus?
Ulna (posterior surface).
239
What is the insertion point of the extensor pollicis longus?
Distal phalanx of the thumb (posterior surface).
240
What action does the extensor pollicis longus perform?
Extension of the thumb.
241
Where do the tendons of the flexor muscles pass through at the wrist?
Through the carpal tunnel, under the flexor retinaculum.
242
Where do the tendons of the extensor muscles pass through at the wrist?
Under the extensor retinaculum.
243
244
245
246
What forms a channel through which the tendons of the wrist and digits travel?
The carpal bones.
247
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
A condition resulting from compression of the median nerve due to inflammation of tendons in the carpal tunnel.
248
What vein is commonly used for venepuncture?
The median cubital vein.
249
Where is the median cubital vein located?
Over the cubital fossa (anterior fold of the elbow).
250
What veins does the median cubital vein connect?
The cephalic and basilic veins.
251
What is the purpose of venepuncture?
To access the venous circulation for delivering medication or removing a blood sample.
252
The bony prominence on the medial side of the wrist is the _________ __________ of the
_______________.
The bony prominence on the medial side of the wrist is the styloid process of the ulna.
253
The scapula articulates with two other bones. These are the __________________ and the ____________________.
3. The scapula articulates with two other bones. These are the clavicle and the humerus.
254
Which bony feature is commonly referred to as the “funny bone”? __________________
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
255
In anatomical position, the radius is _________________________________ to the ulna.
In anatomical position, the radius is lateral to the ulna.
256
When the biceps brachii muscle contracts two actions are ____________________ and ____________________.
When the biceps brachii muscle contracts two actions are flexion and supination.
257
The extensors of the fingers are located in the ____________________ compartment of the forearm.
The extensors of the fingers are located in the posterior compartment of the forearm.
258
The bony prominence above the shoulder joint is the ___________________________.
The bony prominence above the shoulder joint is the acromion.
259
Compared to the hip, the shoulder is often dislocated. Why?
The hip joint is a deep ball and socket joint, whereas the shoulder joint is a shallow ball and socket joint, and therefore not as stable.
260
The triceps brachii tendon inserts onto the __________________________ process of the ________________.
The triceps brachii tendon inserts onto the olecranon process of the ulna.
261
The latissimus dorsi muscle inserts into the __________________ and forms the posterior border of the _____________________.
The latissimus dorsi muscle inserts into the humerus and forms the posterior border of the axilla.
262
The humerus, at the shoulder joint, is abducted by the ______________________ muscle.
The humerus, at the shoulder joint, is abducted by the deltoid muscle.
263
The muscle that flexes the fingers is the ____________________________________
The muscle that flexes the fingers is the flexor digitorum superficialis.
264
One action of the serratus anterior is __________________
One action of the serratus anterior is protraction of the scapula.
265
The origin of the extensor pollicis longus is _______________________________
The origin of the extensor pollicis longus is posterior surface of the ulna.
266
Blood vessels are often named according to the body region they travel through or the bones they pass near or between. Based on this information, identify the major artery that runs through the upper arm (hint: think “body region”), and two that run through the lower arm (hint: think “bones”).
* Brachial artery
* Ulnar artery
* Radial artery
Blood vessels are often named according to the body region they travel through or bones they pass near or between.
