Practice Structure & Youth Development Flashcards
Define practice, as according to Schmidt (1990)
Any activity, overt or covert, through which a person seeks to establish or refine a performance.
Define neural plasticity
The ability of the brain to modify and adapt both structure and function.
How does practice impact brain matter?
Practice can ‘re-wire’ the brain by bringing about changes in the grey matter responsible for motor control.
What was Ericcson’s practice model?
10 000 hours - early specialisation that follows a monotonic assumption.
What are the characteristics of deliberate practice?
High cognitive demand, isn’t inherently enjoyable. Specifically designed to improve performance and often led by a coach/authority figure
What is traditionally accepted theory for skill acquisition?
Learning occurs linearly. Skills are usually trained by minimising variability and correcting movement errors.
TRUE or FALSE: Motor learning mat be aided by self-organisation and diversification.
TRUE, especially for open skills.
What is blocked practice?
Same movement, repeated. Movement is refined or corrected before proceeding.
What is variable practice?
Different tasks/ different variations of the same task in one session. There is no particular order to the practice with little to no repetition.
Define contextual interference?
The amount of variation within practice.
What charaterises practice with high contextual interference?
Worse training performance but better performance in competition.
What is elaboration hypothesis? (Shea & Zimny, 1983)
Random practice in the early stages of learning causes a better understanding of movement variation whilst blocked practice forces a learner to perform movements more automatically, ignoring differences in movement.
What is forgetting hypothesis? (Lee & Magill, 1985)
Training with high contextual interference improves performance as learners are more used to having to re-construct ‘forgotten’ movements and switch between movement tasks.
What is schema theory? (Schmidt, 1975)
Actions are stored as individual contextual components and these are used to create recognition/recall schema. Random practice aids in schema development and recognition.
Define specificity of learning theory. (Henry, 1960)
For learning to occur, the practice environment must be as close as possible to the competition environment.
Define sport specialisation.
Mono-training and repetition for the purpose of skill acquisition and athlete development for a single sport. (Jayanthi et al., 2020)
Define deliberate play.
Activities that are intrinsically motivating and provide immediate gratification. They peer-led and designed to maximise enjoyment.
Define the 3 stages of the DMSP (Cote et al, 2007)
- Early specialisation
- Early sampling followed by specialisation and investment into a primary sport
- Early sampling followed by participation at a recreational level.
