practice test 3

Question 1

the ability of a postsynaptic neuron to respond to the presence of a particular NT is dependent on what condition?

Answer 1

the presence of receptors on the postsynaptic neuron that have an affinity for that particular NT

Question 2

critics have argues that projective tests are too__?

Answer 2

subjective

Question 3

organizing letters into clusters is an example of what

Answer 3

chunking

Question 4

when persuasive communications follow the peripheral route what do they focus on?

Answer 4

emotions

Question 5

what is true of the phrase, “the dishwasher is running”

Answer 5

it can have more than one deep structure

Question 6

what part of the brain degenerates dopaminergic cells causing Parkinson’s disease

Answer 6

substantia nigra

Question 7

what is an infant’s object concept at 6 months old

Answer 7

understands object take up space and move on a continuous path

Question 8

only wanting to take care of yourself and your children

Answer 8

individualism

Question 9

what is overshadowing

Answer 9

when one stimuli is stronger than another

Question 10

who thinks that people cope with stress by moving toward, away from or against people

Answer 10

horney

Question 11

what cognitive ability is least likely to decline later in life

Answer 11

semantic memory

Question 12

Charles Scott Sherrington proposed that rapid stimulation of a specific synapse is likely to produce a cumulative effect in the postsynaptic cell because of

Answer 12

temporal summation

Question 13

Research on children’s social behavior shows that relative to young adolescent boys, young adolescent girls exhibit more of which type of aggression?

Answer 13

Relational

Question 14

Which theorist revised Sigmund Freud’s stages of development, replacing Freud’s psychosexual stages with psychosocial stages?

Answer 14

Erik Erikson

Question 15

Annette is looking for a psychotherapist whose clinical work is rooted in object relations theory. The best match for Annette would be a therapist who emphasizes

Answer 15

early life relationships

Question 16

A client sleeps sixteen hours a day. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5TM), the client most likely has which of the following sleep disorders?

Answer 16

hypersomnelence

Question 17

Which of the following predictions is reasonable based on Baddeley and Hitch’s theory of working memory?

Answer 17

If two tasks using the same component are done concurrently, performance will be impaired on one or both.

Question 18

The use of polite words such as “please” and “thank you” in everyday speech is called

Answer 18

pragmatics

Question 19

Cleotha finds out that her roommate Leontyne is
a better pool player than she is. However, Cleotha reminds herself that she can play poker better than Leontyne. Cleotha is engaging in which of the following?

Answer 19

Self-affirmation

Question 20

According to the theory of cognitive development proposed by Lev Vygotsky, children learn best by working

Answer 20

with adults and advanced peers

Question 21

Which of the following predictions is the best example of context-dependent memory?

Answer 21

Information is better recalled when learning and testing occur in the same room.

Question 22

Newlyweds Layla and Keith both have normal color vision, but Layla carries a recessive gene for color deficiency. Which of the following best describes the probabilities of color deficiency in their children?

Answer 22

Half of their sons will be color-deficient, but none of their daughters will.

Question 23

An individual suffering from damage to Wernicke’s area would most likely exhibit which of the following behaviors?

Answer 23

Impaired comprehension of language

Question 24

Young children form rudimentary sentences that resemble telegrams even though they have never heard anyone make such utterances before. This is evidence of

Answer 24

a universal grammar

Question 25

Damaging the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus in rats will

Answer 25

interfere with the biological clock that is synchronized with light

Question 26

Which of the following increases the power of a statistical test?

Answer 26

Changing from a two-tailed to | a one-tailed test

Question 27

Which of the following therapeutic techniques can be explained by classical conditioning principles?

Answer 27

Systematic desensitization and flooding

Question 28

Georgia sees a sign in the bathroom stall that says, “Do not write on the walls under any circumstances!” Georgia takes out her pen and begins to write all over the walls. According to social psychologists, Georgia is experiencing

Answer 28

reactance

Question 29

The tendency to attribute your successes to dispositional factors and your failures to situational factors is called the

Answer 29

self-fulfilling bias

Question 30

What term is best used to describe the smallest meaningful unit of a language?

Answer 30

morpheme

Question 31

The action potential is triggered at which of the following parts of a neuron?

Answer 31

Axon hillock

Question 32

Gonadal hormones can act early in life to irreversibly determine a rat’ s mate selection through effects referred to as

Answer 32

organizational

Question 33

When Latoya was younger, she decided which ice cream cone was bigger by always picking the taller one. Now that she’s eight years old, she makes more-accurate choices by considering the width and depth of the cone as well as its height. Latoya has learned to

Answer 33

decenter

Question 34

“Of several responses made to the same situation, those which are accompanied or closely followed by satisfaction to the animal will, other things being equal, be more firmly connected with the situation . . . ; those which are accompanied or closely followed by discomfort to the animal will, other things being equal, have their connections with that situation weakened.”

Answer 34

Edward Thorndike

Question 35

which of the following statements is true regarding the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 35

Hearing voices is a positive symptom.

Question 36

A patient is administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-RF® (MMPI-2-RF®) by an experienced clinician. The clinician concludes that the patient has schizophrenia. The clinician’s diagnosis best supports which of the following additional conclusions?

Answer 36

The patient’s pattern of responses to the MMPI-2-RF® resembles that of people who are known to have schizophrenia.

Question 37

Which of the following techniques of studying the brain involves the use of x-rays?

Answer 37

Computed tomography (CT)

Question 38

According to a current model, learned helplessness in humans is determined by causal explanations of prior uncontrollable events. These causal explanations are referred to as

Answer 38

attributions

Question 39

Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are most often characteristic of

Answer 39

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 40

Participants in an experiment are asked to look at a display and to find the one straight line among a number of circles. The participants are able to find the line just as quickly among twenty circles as they are among five circles. These results suggest that finding the straight line depends on

Answer 40

a preattentive process

Question 41

Albert recently noticed that he has difficulty hearing people at crowded parties even though his hearing seems fine in quiet surroundings. He most likely has damage to his

Answer 41

hair cells

Question 42

According to Albert Bandura's approach to | observational learning, which of the following is the best example of vicarious punishment?

Answer 42

A child stops throwing pencils after watching a teacher scold another child for throwing a pencil across the room.

Question 43

Cephalocaudal development refers to development that proceeds from

Answer 43

head to tail

Question 44

What is a limitation of Elisabeth Kübler-Ross’s stages of coping with death (denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance) ?

Answer 44

Not all people experience every stage.

Question 45

According to Carl Jung, there are tendencies that shape human behavior and can be represented by terms such as “the hero” or “the shadow.” Such tendencies are known as

Answer 45

archetypes

Question 46

Brain imaging techniques have shown that compared to unaffected individuals, individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia have

Answer 46

enlarged ventricles and a reduction of the prefrontal cortex

Question 47

According to Edward Tolman, behavior is best understood as

Answer 47

molar and purposive

Question 48

Which of the following is most commonly associated with creative thinking?

Answer 48

Divergent thinking

Question 49

When people first sense a new stimulus, only temporary changes in neurons take place, but eventually more permanent changes occur. This is called

Answer 49

consolidation

Question 50

If adjacent lights flash on and off in sequence, individuals will often perceive apparent motion even though there is no motion. This experience is referred to as

Answer 50

the phi phenomenon

Question 51

A behavioral approach to personality would argue that the root of pathology lies in

Answer 51

maladaptive learned-response patterns

Question 52

A persistent, unreasonable, and unwanted thought is known as

Answer 52

an obsession

Question 53

Which of the following distinguishes experts from novices in many fields of endeavor?

Answer 53

Speed in recognizing relevant complex | patterns

Question 54

Which of the following psychological schools of thought was heavily influenced by pragmatism?

Answer 54

Functionalism

Question 55

Who is reported to be the first researcher to utilize a twin studies methodology in attempting to resolve the nature-nurture controversy?

Answer 55

Francis Galton

Question 56

Eliciting sympathy in order to create a positive impression is consistent with which of the following self-presentation strategies?

Answer 56

Supplication

Question 57

Which of the following statements describes normative influence?

Answer 57

Conformity motivated by a fear of social rejection

Question 58

In an experimental procedure, an animal receives a half second of foot shock, then a half second of no stimulus, and then a tone. In a later presentation of the tone, the animal displays a fear response. This result most likely indicates the occurrence of

Answer 58

backward conditioning

Question 59

In what way does delirium differ from dementia?

Answer 59

Delirium is a temporary state, whereas dementia is a permanent state.

Question 60

The overjustification effect states which of the following?

Answer 60

Extrinsic rewards can diminish children’s intrinsic motivation to learn.

Question 61

Participants in a social psychological experiment observe through a one-way glass as two students take an oral quiz. The situation is arranged such that both Arthur and Sheri get 15 of the 25 questions correct, but Arthur gets each of the first 5 questions correct, while Sheri gets none of the first 5 correct. Most participant observers would likely conclude that

Answer 61

Arthur is a better student than Sheri

Question 62

Which of the following is a characteristic of the authoritarian personality?

Answer 62

Hostility toward outgroups

Question 63

In his study of schizophrenia, Dr. Perez collects data on the number of new cases of this diagnosis in the United States in the past year. This statistic is known as the

Answer 63

incidence

Question 64

The Premack principle states that

Answer 64

a more frequent behavior will reinforce a less frequent behavior

Question 65

Elizabeth Loftus and her colleagues ask students to talk about various events that have occurred in their lives, including one that never occurred. If the students have trouble remembering, the researchers provide cues. They record whether the students remember the events that never occurred and how confident the students are in these false memories. Which of the following best describes the findings?

Answer 65

Students almost never remember false events, although they remember about 80% of the real events.

Question 66

Melvin has a set of Von Frey hairs of different diameters. He starts by pressing a thin hair against a participant’s toe and continues with increasingly thicker hairs until the participant feels pressure. Melvin then starts with a thick hair and uses increasingly thinner hairs until the participant does not feel pressure. Melvin is using the method of

Answer 66

limits

Question 67

The legal requirement that professionals notify appropriate authorities about suspected child abuse is known as

Answer 67

mandatory reporting

Question 68

Which of the following effects is the most serious limitation of this study?

Answer 68

Carryover

Question 69

What type of design was used in this study?

Answer 69

Single factor within subjects

Question 70

Conducting a study by analyzing United States census data from previous years is an example of using which of the following research approaches?

Answer 70

Archivalanalysis

Question 71

Which of the following are the two individuals credited with the founding of psychology, as indicated by the formation of psychology laboratories in the 1870s?

Answer 71

Wilhelm Wundt and William James

Question 72

Which of the following best supports the all-or­ none principle of neural impulses?

Answer 72

A neuron will fire a complete action potential once the threshold is reached.