Practice Tests - Chap 1: System Mgmt (Domain 1) Flashcards

Question

40- Which of the following commands will create a btrfs filesystem on the first SATA drive? * mkfs /dev/sda1 * mkfs.btrfs /dev/sda * mkfs.btr2fs /dev/sda1 * mkfs -b /dev/sda

Answer 1

**mkfs.btrfs /dev/sda** The mkfs.btrfs command is used to create btrfs filesystems on block storage and does not require the drive to be partitioned.

Answer 2

**parted** The parted command can be used to resize partitions in such a way. The mkfs command is not used for this purpose, and the other two options do not exist.

Answer 3

**mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb** The VFAT filesystem is known as vfat to the mount command, and the other elements of the mount command are standard.

Answer 4

**c** The c option in gdisk is used to change the partition name. The n option creates a new partition, the v option verifies the disk, and the b option creates a backup of GUID Partition Table (GPT) data to a file.

Answer 5

**systemctl isolate rescue.target** The isolate option is used to move the system into the target specified, thereby making option B the correct one. The stop option stops a service. The other options do not exist.

Answer 6

**-AR** The -A option checks all filesystems in /etc/fstab, while the -R option excludes the root filesystem.

Answer 7

**fsck** The fsck option, which is represented as a number in the /etc/fstab file, sets the order in which the device is checked at boot time.

Answer 8

**/etc/timezone** The file /etc/timezone is used to indicate the local time zone. The other files listed as options do not exist.

Answer 9

**/usr/share/zoneinfo** Within the /usr/share/zoneinfo hierarchy, you will find information on the various regions and time zones available. The files within this hierarchy can be symlinked to /etc/localtime.

Answer 10

**It is a file called .fetchmailrc that is linked using a symbolic link.** The listing shows a symbolic linked file created with the ln command located in the current directory, linked to .configs/fetchmail/.fetchmailrc. The file is owned by the root user and root group and was created on July 8, 2014.

Answer 11

**LC_TIME** The LC_TIME environment variable is used to control the display and behavior of the date and time and can be changed to a different locale in order to achieve the desired display and behavior of date and time formatting. The other options shown for this question do not exist.

Answer 12

**timedatectl** The timedatectl command includes a list-timezones subcommand to show known time zones. The tzsel command does not exist, but there is a similar command called tzselect that will, by default, display a step‐by‐step menu to select a time zone. The eventual output will include a region/time‐zone line, such as America/Chicago, as output.

Answer 13

**-nn** The -nn option displays both numbers and device names, thus making option C correct. The -n option (option B) displays only numbers. The other two options do not exist.

Answer 14

**LANG=C** Setting LANG=C is an alias for POSIX compatibility and will cause programs to bypass locale translations. The other options shown for LANG are not valid.

Answer 15

**LC_ALL** The LC_ALL variable can be used to set environment variables such as the locale and will override others. This can be used when there is a need for a temporary change. The other variables listed here are not used for this purpose and are not created by default.

Answer 16

**ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Los_Angeles /etc/localtime ** The ln command is used for this purpose, and the -s option creates a symbolic or soft link, while -f forces or overwrites the destination. The other options and order of commands are not valid.

Answer 17

**LC_MONETARY** The LC_MONETARY variable is used by certain programs to determine the localization for currency.

Answer 18

**date -s** The -s option sets the date and time as specified within the command. If there is another means to automatically set the date, it may override the change. For example, if ntpd or chrony is running, one of those processes may alter the date even after it has been set with date -s.

Answer 19

**-w** The -w option sets the hardware clock to the current system time. The -s option does the opposite, setting the system time to the hardware clock. There is no -a or -m function for hwclock.

Answer 20

**hwclock --systohc --utc** --systohc will set the hardware clock according to the current system time. The use of --utc is required in order to ensure that the time is set to UTC. If --utc is omitted, the time will default to whatever was used last time the command was run, which could be UTC but might be local time instead. Therefore, the best option is A.

Answer 21

**netstat -rn** The netstat command can be used for this purpose, and the -r option displays the current routes. The addition of -n prevents DNS lookups, which can help with performance.

Answer 22

**route add default gw 192.168.1.1 eth0** The route command is used for this purpose, and adding a route is done with the add option. The default gateway is added using the default gw keywords followed by the IP address of the gateway and the adapter.

Answer 23

**-t ns** The host command enables changing of the query type with the -t option. Using ns as the type will query for the name servers for a given domain. There is no all type, and the other options are also invalid.

Answer 24

**-I** The -I option enables the choice of interface. A lowercase -i option sets the interval, while -a indicates an audible ping. Finally, -t enables a TTL‐based ping only.

Answer 25

**ip monitor** The ip command with the monitor option/subcommand will display netlink messages as they arrive. There is no netlink subcommand for ip, and the route command will not work for this purpose.

Answer 26

**group: files ldap** The syntax is database: ˂databasename˃ with additional database names separated by spaces, as shown in the correct option for this question.

Answer 27

**dig example.com @192.168.2.5** The @ symbol is used to indicate a server to which the query will be sent directly. This can be quite useful for troubleshooting resolution problems by sending the query directly to an authoritative name server for the domain. Of the other options, -t sets the type, and the other options are not valid.

Answer 28

**nameserver 192.168.1.4** The configuration option is nameserver, and the value for the option is the IP address of the desired name server. Several options affect how name resolution is performed, such as the number of attempts and timeout. See resolv.conf(5) for more information.

Answer 29

**route add -net 192.168.51.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.22.1** The route command can be used for this purpose, and the syntax includes the network range, denoted with the -net option, followed by the word netmask and the masked bits, followed by the letters gw and the IP address of the gateway. The other options shown are invalid for a variety of reasons, including missing keywords and options and order.

Answer 30

**/var** The partition containing /var should be the largest for a mail server because mail spools are stored within this hierarchy. The /etc/ hierarchy is usually small, as is /usr/bin. The /mail directory does not exist by default.

Answer 31

**ip route change default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0** The ip route command can be used for this purpose, and its syntax uses a change command and the via keyword. The same operation could be completed with the route command but would require deleting the existing gateway first and then re‐adding a new default gateway.

Answer 32

**search** The search option is used for this purpose and can be provided with multiple domain names, each separated by a space or tab. The domain option is valid within /etc/resolv.conf but does not allow for multiple domain names.

Answer 33

**route add -host 192.168.1.3 reject** The route command can be used for this purpose, and in the scenario described, a reject destination is used for the route. The other options shown are invalid because they use invalid options to the route command.

Answer 34

**ping -c 4** The -c option provides the count of the number of pings to send. The -n option specifies numeric output only, while -p specifies the pattern to use for the packet content. Finally, the -t option sets the TTL.

Answer 35

**ip route flush cache** The ip route flush cache command should be executed after changing the routes. The other commands shown for this question are not valid.

Answer 36

**-t txt** SPF records are stored in the txt record type in DNS, thereby making -t txt the correct option for this. Of the other answers, only -t mx is valid; it returns the mail exchangers for the given domain.

Answer 37

**The G signifies that this is a gateway.** The G signifies a gateway within the route table.

Answer 38

**dig example.org @192.168.1.4 axfr** The axfr type is a zone transfer, and the @ symbol signifies the server to which the query will be sent. There is no xfer type, and option B is just a normal query for the domain sent to the specified server.

Answer 39

**deplist** The deplist option displays the dependencies for the given package. The list option displays information about a specific package, while the other two options are not valid.

Answer 40

**df** The df command displays information on disk usage and can help with planning disk utilization over time. For example, if you note that disk utilization is increasing significantly, preparations can be made to bring more disks online or even to change the log rotation schedule such that logs are rotated faster, thereby freeing up space.

Answer 41

**-a** The -a option displays all values and their current settings for sysctl. The -b option is binary and displays values without any newlines. The -d option is an alias for -h, which is help display. There is no -c option. The sysctl options can also be found in /etc/sysctl.conf.

Answer 42

**modinfo** The modinfo command provides information on a given kernel module. You can use modinfo to find out the parameters needed for a given module and the modules on which it depends, among other information. The modprobe command is used to load a module. There is no tracemod or modlist command.

Answer 43

**-r** The -r option removes the named kernel modules and attempts to remove any modules on which the named module depends, where possible. The -d option sets the root directory for modules, while -v is verbose and -f forces the module to load.

Answer 44

**/etc/modprobe.d** The /etc/modprobe.d directory is used for storing configuration information related to modules such as that used for blacklisting purposes and also for other configuration information such as udev and module options.

Answer 45

**dracut** The dracut command is used to create the initial RAM disk for newer systems and has replaced the legacy mkinitrd command used for the same purpose.

Answer 46

**/etc/sysctl.conf** Variables and values placed in /etc/sysctl.conf will take effect on boot. The other files listed are not valid.

Answer 47

**--show-depends** The --show-depends option displays the dependencies for a given module. The other options are not valid for the modprobe command.

Answer 48

**-ivh** The -ivh options will install a file using rpm, displaying both verbose output and hash marks for progress. The other options presented do not exist or do not accomplish the specified task.

Answer 49

**efibootmgr -n** The -n option changes the boot order for the next boot only and boots from the specified partition. The -b along with -B modifies and then deletes the option. The -o option sets the boot order. The -c option creates a boot number.

Answer 50

**ISOLINUX** ISOLINUX provides a means by which CD‐ROMs formatted as ISO 9660 can be booted. It’s very common to have live CDs or rescue/recovery CDs that use ISOLINUX for boot. The other bootloaders are not valid for this purpose or don’t exist.

Answer 51

**shim.efi** Due to the decidedly insecure decisions made with the design of Microsoft’s UEFI, a shim is often needed to enable Linux to boot on a system with UEFI. The file shim.efi can be used as an initial bootloader for this purpose.

Answer 52

**bcfg** The bcfg command within the UEFI shell is used to configure bootloaders on a UEFI‐based system. The command can accept various parameters to configure how the bootloader and kernel will load on boot. Of the other commands shown, grub-install is valid but not within the UEFI shell.

Answer 53

**pxelinux.0** The file pxelinux.0 must exist within /tftpboot on the TFTP server in order for a system to use PXELINUX for booting. The other files are not valid or necessary for PXELINUX. Once booted, PXE boot can boot using an NFS‐mounted filesystem where the filesystem is physically hosted on a different computer.

Answer 54

**--boot-directory** The --boot-directory option enables you to specify an alternate location for GRUB images rather than the default /boot. The other options shown for this question are not valid.

Answer 55

**grubx64.efi** The shim.efi bootloader loads another bootloader, which is grubx64.efi by default. The other options are not valid filenames for the purpose described.

Answer 56

**-t** The -t option sets the filesystem type as ext2, ext3, or ext4. The mke2fs command is typically symlinked from /sbin/mkfs.ext2, /sbin/mkfs.ext3, and /sbin/mkfs.ext4. The -f option forces mke2fs to create a filesystem. The -a and -e options do not exist.

Answer 57

**/etc/crypttab** The /etc/crypttab file contains the filesystems and devices that are encrypted such as those with Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS). The other file locations do not exist by default and are not related to this question.

Answer 58

**apt-cache search zsh** The apt-cache command is used to work with the package cache, and the search option is used to search the cache for the supplied argument, in this case zsh. The apt-get command is used to work with packages themselves, while the apt-search command does not exist. The apt.conf file, found either in /etc/apt/ or /etc/, contains several options for how apt behaves.

Answer 59

**/etc/yum.repos.d** Configuration files related to the repositories for yum are located in /etc/yum.repos.d. Of the other options, /etc/yum.conf is a file and not a directory, and the other directories do not exist.

Answer 60

**rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, async** A filesystem with the word defaults for its mount options will be mounted read‐write (rw), suid, with the ability to have executables (exec). The filesystem will be auto‐mounted (auto), but users will not be able to mount it (nouser). Character and block special devices will be interpreted (dev), and operations on the disk will be performed in an asynchronous manner (async).

Answer 61

**-z** The -z option sets the maximum size for files to be included in the dump. The -b option sets the block size but is not related to what is being asked for in this scenario. The -s option sets the path for inclusion in the dump, and -p sets the interval for progress indicators.

Answer 62

**0xFD** A partition type of 0xFD is used for software RAID arrays. This can be set or viewed using a tool such as fdisk. The other options shown are not valid partition types.

Answer 63

**/dev/disk/by-id** The /dev/disk/by-id directory contains symbolic links to /dev/sd, such as /dev/sda. Because WWIDs can be used to identify a device across systems, they are often used within the context of SANs. The other directories listed as options do not exist.

Answer 64

**pvdisplay** The pvdisplay command shows information about a given physical volume. You can use pvdisplay to view the device on which the PV is built along with the extent size of the PV. The other commands shown are not valid.

Answer 65

**pci-0000:1a:00.0-fc-0x500601653ee0025f:0x0000000000000000** Logical unit numbers (LUNs) that contain the characters fc are those found through Fibre Channel. Therein lies the difference between options B and C, where option C contains the letters scsi, which would usually represent a local disk. The other options are not valid.

Answer 66

**multipath -l** The multipath command is used for administration of devices such as LUNs and can be used for finding the path to LUNs for a server, such as in a SAN configuration. Related, the multipathd daemon checks for paths that have failed. The other commands are not valid, with the exception of ls: it is valid, but the option shown is not related to LUNs but rather is a combination of various flags to the ls command.

Answer 67

**fstrim** The fstrim command is used to remove blocks that are not in use. The fstrim command is frequently used in a SAN configuration to give back unused storage to the SAN. The fstrim command can also be used with solid‐state drives for the same purpose. The other commands shown are not valid.

Answer 68

**-E** The -E option signals that an extended option follows, such as stripe_width. The -f option forces an operation but should not be necessary for this solution, and the -e option sets the behavior on error. There is no -extend option.

Answer 69

**--create** The --create option enables creation of a RAID array that will use md. The typical argument is the /dev/mdN device along with the level. The other options listed are not valid for mdadm.

Answer 70

**/dev/mapper** The /dev/mapper directory contains information about multipath devices such as logical volumes. The other directories are not valid.

Answer 71

**--monitor** The --monitor option is used to actively watch an array for issues such as disk failure. The monitoring can be done as a daemon and run in the background, thereby alerting when there is an issue.

Answer 72

**MAILADDR** The MAILADDR option sets the destination address for mail about RAID events that are noted by mdadm when in monitor mode.

Answer 73

**inet** The ip command defaults to the inet family if not otherwise specified with the -f option. The command will attempt to guess the correct family and fall back to inet. The other families listed as options for this command are not valid for use with the ip command. AI's answer: * inet is the default protocol family used by the ip command when no family is explicitly specified with the -f option * The inet family corresponds to IPv4 addresses and is equivalent to using ip -f inet or ip -4 for IPv4 operations * Other protocol families like inet6 (IPv6), link (MAC addresses), or bridge must be explicitly specified if needed, but inet/IPv4 is always the default

Answer 74

**-p** The -p option shows the process IDs associated with a given socket within the ss output. The -a option is all sockets, while -l is listening sockets. The -f option is used to specify the protocol family.

Answer 75

**/etc/network** The /etc/network directory contains information on network interfaces and contains directories that then further contain scripts to be executed when interfaces are brought up or down. The other directories listed do not exist.

Answer 76

**Alphanumerics, minus, and dot** Only alphanumerics, minus sign or dash, and dot are valid for hosts in /etc/hosts.

Answer 77

**options debug** Options within /etc/resolv.conf are preceded with the options keyword followed by one or more options such as debug.

Answer 78

**grub2-mkconfig --output=/boot/grub2/grub.cfg** The --output option configures the location for output of the command instead of STDOUT.

Answer 79

**lpxelinux.0** The file lpxelinux.0 contains the necessary code to support booting from HTTP and FTP.

Answer 80

**vmlinuz is compressed, whereas vmlinux is not.** The vmlinuz file has been compressed and therefore consumes less disk space than vmlinux. Both contain the Linux kernel in binary format.

Answer 81

**/usr/lib/modules/{kernel-version}** Modules are stored in /usr/lib/modules/{kernel-version}.

Answer 82

**-V** The -V or, --verify, option will check the files in a given package against versions (or checksums) in the package database. If no files have been altered, then no output is produced. Note that output may be produced for files that are changed during installation or for other reasons. Note also the use of an uppercase V for this option, as opposed to the lowercase v for verbose.

Answer 83

**/etc/lib** The /etc/lib directory is not typically associated with library files and does not typically exist on a Linux system unless manually created. The other options either contain system libraries or can be used for that purpose.

Answer 84

**apt-get update** The apt-get update command will cause the package cache to be updated by retrieving the latest package list from the package sources. There is no cache-update option or update option to apt-cache. The upgrade option is used to update the system’s packages, not the cache.

Answer 85

**/etc/apt/sources.list.d/** The /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ directory contains repositories for Debian packages. The other file and directory locations do not exist by default.

Answer 86

**localectl** The localectl command is used to view and configure settings such as the keyboard layout for a given locale. The other commands listed do not exist.

Answer 87

**/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/** The directory /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts contains files related to network configuration. It is not preferable to edit these files directly any longer but rather to use commands such as nmcli and nmtui through the Network Manager. The other paths do not exist by default.

Answer 88

**e2label** The e2label command changes the filesystem label. The other commands do not exist.

Practice Tests - Chap 1: System Mgmt (Domain 1) Flashcards

(113 cards)