PRE CROMWELL Flashcards
(22 cards)
When was the House of Lords and Monarchy abolished
March 1649
When and where were digger communities set up 1649
April 1649
Surrey
Considered to be the first communists, agrarian communists
When was England declared to be a commonwealth?
May 1649
When did the pacfication of Ireland begin and what was it?
Aug 1649
Series of events that included the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
Resulted in the confiscation of land and displacement of many Irish people.
BRUTAL
When did parliament order censorship of the press and when was the massacre of Drogheda?
Sep 1649
When was the massacre at Wexford?
Oct 1649
When was the Oath of Engagement instituted and what was it?
Jan 1650
was an oath of loyalty to the English republic.
When was Cromwell appointed to lead the army against Scotland and when did Fairfax resign to be replaced by ?
June 1650
CROMWELL REPLACED FAIRFAX AS LORD GENERAL
When was the Battle of Dunbar and what did it do?
Sep 1650,
England won a decisive vistory,
opened Scotland up to English occupation and rule.
When was the third civil war and who was it between?
Oct 1650-52, between England and Scotland and Irelans, war of the three kingdoms
When did parliament pass an act for the sale of lands of leading royalists?
July 1651
When was the final major battle in the English civil wars and what was it?
Sep 1651
Battle of Worcestor
PARLIAMENTARIANS WON
Charles II famously hid up a tree and fled to France. INFLUENCED BY LOUIS XIV
What/when navigation act
Oct 1651
Only English ships would be allowed to bring goods into England.
Aimed to control England’s tarde.
1652, Anglo-Dutch war events
May, first anglo-dutch war
Sep, admiral blake victorious in the English channel
Nov, Dutch victory over the English fleet off Dungeness
When did Cromwell dissolve the Rump?
April 1653
says: ‘Is there a man amongst you that has the least care for the good of the commonwealth’
Paved the way for Barebones and then Protectorate
‘You have sat too long for any good you have been doing lately’
Cromwell aims
-Is the embodiment of the army
-Had the overarching objectives of healing and settling
-Cromwell wanted to suppress religious radicalism which aligned with political radicalism eg. levellers and quakers
Liberty of conscience with certain parameters
What were the quakers?
Wouldn’t submit to social norms such as taking off their hat to superiors.
Dates of Barebones Parliament
July - Dec 1653
How many ordinances did Barbeones pass in its 6 months?
26
much more productive than the Rump
Sat many more hours, the Rump had only sat 12 a week, where Barebones sat 6 days a week starting at 8am.
What did ordinances passed by Barebones include?
all marriages be performed not by clergy but by a JP, compulsory civil registration of births, marriages and deaths within each parish,
How and when did Barebones resign its power back to Cromwell?
Dec 1653
The moderate majority staged a walk out, led by Lambert while the more radical members were praying.
This got rid of the fifth monarchists whuch were beginning to be seen as threatening - they thought power was derived from God so wanted to get rid of lawyers and tithes etc.
What was put in place in Dec 1653?
Instrument of Government.
Written constitution for the commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland
Written to legitimise the protectprate and OC’s power.
WRITTEN BY LAMBERT - A MILITARY GENERAL, army’s power and significance.
