Preface + Ch. 1

Question 1

Interorganizational Task Force on Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology Doctoral Education

Answer 1

outlined principles that practice-oriented psychologists must understand to be effective

Question 2

Fifth Edition Task List

Answer 2

outlines Foundational principles and concepts that students must matter before beginning an internship as a behavior analyst and earning the BCBA credential

Question 3

behavior

Answer 3

individual living organism’s activity, public or private, which may be influenced by external or internal stimulation

Question 4

response

Answer 4

single instance of behavior

Question 5

public

Answer 5

everyone can see it happening

Question 6

private

Answer 6

you’re the only person who sees it

Question 7

stimulus events

Answer 7

things you see hear, smell, taste, or feel

Question 8

2 goals of behavior analysis

Answer 8

1) accurately predict behavior
-allows adaptive behavior

2) discover functional variables that may be used to positively influence behavior

Question 9

functional variable

Answer 9

variable that, when changed, reliably and systematically influences behavior

Question 10

2 assumptions of behavior analysis

Answer 10

1) behavior is determined
-behavior has a cause(s)

2) scientific method is a valid way to reveal the determinants of behavior

Question 11

2 determinants of behavior

Answer 11

1) nature
-biological variables such as the evolutionary past of the species and the unique genome of the individual

2) nurture

Question 12

environmental events

Answer 12

all things one experience through their senses

Question 13

mentalistic explanation of behavior

Answer 13

explain behavior (i.e., I went) by pointing to private behaviors (i.e., I thought)

Question 14

law of parsimony

Answer 14

best explanations of behavior are the simplest explanations
-explanations one behavior by appealing to second behavior lacks parsimony

Question 15

3 problems with the theory that a mental decision maker wills behavior into action

Answer 15

1) choice is behavior
2) choice is determined
3) spurious decision-making

Question 16

2 implications of choice

Answer 16

if an undetermined will determines behavior, it cannot accurately predict behavior or discover functional variables that will allow us to positively influence behavior

Question 17

scientific method

Answer 17

describes behavior of all scientists as they go about discovering how the natural world works

Question 18

scientific method characteristics

Answer 18

1) objective
-humans are susceptible to biases that cloud how we evaluate evidence that supports and refutes our favorite theories
-current understanding of behavior is tentative and will be changed in the future as new findings support an alternative viewpoint that allows one to predict and positively influence behavior

2) quantitative
-occurrence can be counted

3) systematic
-intervention is implemented exactly as its supposed to be

4) empirical
-evidence must be directly observable or from a measurement device

5) falsifiable predictions
-prediction is precise enough that it could be shown to be incorrect

6) experimentations
-behavior of an individual is objectively measured long enough that one is confident that if nothing changes the behavior will not change

7) peer-review

8) replication
-repeating exp and obtaining same outcome

Question 19

pseudo-sciences

Answer 19

contribute nothing to goals of prediction and influence

Question 20

natural sciences

Answer 20

make falsifiable predictions about things that happened next

Question 21

independent variable

Answer 21

publicly observable change, controlled by the experimenter, which is anticipated to influence behavior in a specific way

Question 22

replication

Answer 22

repetition of experiments to evaluate if they produced reliable results

Question 23

experimental analysis of behavior

Answer 23

expand ability to predict and influence behavior by conducting research in controlled laboratory settings

Question 24

applied behavior analysis

Answer 24

conduct rigorous scientific research but focus on socially significant behavior in non-laboratory (clinical) settings

Question 25

behaviorial service delivery

Answer 25

use discoveries of laboratory and applied behavior analysis to address the needs of patients

Question 26

7 dimensions of applied behavior analysis

Answer 26

1) applied
-socially important

2) behavioral
-objectively and accurately measure behavior

3) analytic
-exp is done and replications to identify components of intervention responsible for behav change

4) technological
-details can be replicated

5) conceptual
-theories and empirically supported principles of behavior arenindeifoced

6) effective
-has practical difference

7) generality
-long-lasting change in behavior that can be observed in various settings

Question 27

organizational behavior management

Answer 27

application of behavior analysis to business settings

Question 28

behavorial epigenetics

Answer 28

examine how nurture (environmental event) shapes nature (influences gene regulation), affecting the growth and activity of brain neurons and behavior

Question 29

behav analysis

Answer 29

natural science that seeks to accurately predict behavior and identify functional variables that can positively influence behavior

-assumes behavior if determined by enviro and biological variables and the sci method is a valid way to identify determinants

Question 30

Science journal

Answer 30

described attempts to replicate 100 prominent findings reported in top psych journals

-Open Sci Collaboration found 60%+ findings could not be replicated -> replication crisis