Prelims

Question 1

Looks at each individual action and its outcomes. Each action is judged by how much happiness it creates.

Example: If telling a lie helps more people, an act consequentialist might say it’s okay to lie in that case

Answer 1

Act Consequentialism

Question 2

Process of thinking about what is right and wrong

Answer 2

Moral Reasoning

Question 3

Follower of Bentham, who said that some pleasures (like intellectual ones) are more valuable than others

Answer 3

John Stuart Mill

Question 4

Broader field that explores where those ethical rules come from, why they exist, and how they are justified

Answer 4

Moral Philosophy

Question 5

Cultivate integrity and accountability.

Answer 5

Guiding Personal Behavior

Question 6

Help maintain structure and predictability, reducing confusion and ensuring society functions smoothly.

Answer 6

Law and Order

Question 7

Fundamental concept in ethics and moral philosophy. It refers to the principle of fairness

Answer 7

Justice

Question 8

Focuses on repairing the harm
caused by criminal behavior

Example: A thief returns stolen goods and participates in community service to compensate for their
actions.

Answer 8

Restorative Justice

Question 9

Emphasizes the need for equality and fair treatment for all individuals. Advocates for addressing systematic inequalities and ensuring that all individuals have access to basic rights and opportunities.

Example: Movements that fight against racial discrimination and promote equal rights for all

Answer 9

Social Justice

Question 10

Founder of utilitarianism said that actions are right if they bring happiness and wrong if they cause pain.

Answer 10

Jeremy Bentham

Question 11

Focuses on establishing standards or norms for behavior.

Answer 11

Normative Ethics

Question 12

Suggests that virtue lies between two extremes (excess and deficiency).

Example: Courage is the mean between recklessness and cowardice. If a person acts bravely in a difficult
situation, they are exhibiting the virtue of courage.

Answer 12

Golden Mean

Question 13

The right action is the one that brings the
most happiness or benefit to most people.

Answer 13

Utilitarianism

Question 14

Regarded as the father of virtue ethics

Answer 14

Aristotle

Question 15

Rule from philosopher Immanuel Kant that says you should act only in ways that you believe everyone should act

Answer 15

Categorical Imperative

Question 16

Deontologists believe we have moral duties (like telling the truth) that must be followed, regardless of the results.

Answer 16

Duty-Based Ethics

Question 17

Impacts of Breaking Rules?

Answer 17

Ruins Trust

Interferes with Harmony

Stalls Progress

Keeps Consequences

Question 18

The right to personal freedom, including freedom from arbitrary arrest or detention

Answer 18

Right to Liberty and Security

Question 19

Deals with punishment for wrongdoing. It emphasizes the idea that individuals who commit crimes should face consequences appropriate to their actions.

Example: A court sentencing a person to prison for committing theft based on the extent of their crime.

Answer 19

Retributive Justice

Question 20

Access to education is a basic right for all individuals

Answer 20

Right to Education

Question 21

Encourage individuals to take responsibility for their actions and their effects on others.

Answer 21

Accountability

Question 22

Argues that ethical behavior comes from being a good person rather than following rules or evaluating consequences.

Answer 22

Character over Action

Question 23

Greek word and meaning of ethics

Answer 23

“Ethos” meaning “character or custom”

Question 24

All individuals should be treated equally and protected by law

Answer 24

Right to Equality Before the Law

Question 25

The most influential deontologist, believed in the importance of reason and moral law. Argued that rational principles must guide moral actions and that individuals should always treat others as ends in themselves.

Answer 25

Immanuel Kant

Question 26

Protection from arbitrary interference with personal privacy, family, and home

Answer 26

Right to Privacy

Question 27

Meaning of (UDHR)

Answer 27

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Question 28

Promote fairness by ensuring everyone follows the same guidelines and prevent unequal treatment.

Answer 28

Equality

Question 29

Protect individual rights and freedom, ensuring respect for all members of society.

Answer 29

Rights Protection

Question 30

The right to a public hearing, a fair and impartial trial, and legal representation if accused of a crime.

Answer 30

Right to a Fair Trial

Question 31

Practical application of ethical principles to specific issues or fields, such as business, medicine, and environmental concerns.

Answer 31

Applied Ethics

Question 32

Looks at whether following certain rules when generally applied, leads to the best outcomes in the long run.

Answer 32

Rule Consequentialism

Question 33

Set of rules or principles that help people decide what is good or bad, right or wrong

Answer 33

Ethics

Question 34

The right to express one’s opinions freely without retaliation

Answer 34

Freedom of Expression

Question 35

Basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, from birth until death

Answer 35

Human Rights

Question 36

The right to take part in the political process, including voting and running for office.

Answer 36

Right to Participate in Government

Question 37

Idea that the rightness or wrongness of actions depends on their outcomes or consequences

Answer 37

Consequentialism

Question 38

Promote working together towards common goals, fostering teamwork and community growth.

Answer 38

Cooperation

Question 39

Situation where we must choose between two actions with both good and bad aspects.

Answer 39

Moral Dilemma

Question 40

Why Do Rules Matter?

Answer 40

Cooperation Law and Order Equality Accountability Right Protection

Question 41

Importance of Ethics in Personal and Societal Development?

Answer 41

Guiding Personal Behavior Promoting Social Harmony Encouraging Critical Thinking Influenced by Policy and Governance

Question 42

The right to gain employment and receive fair compensation for one's labor

Answer 42

The Right to Work and Fair Wages

Question 43

Focuses on the character of the moral agent rather than on rules or consequences. Emphasizes the importance of developing good character traits, or virtues

Answer 43

Virtue Ethics

Question 44

Focuses on the fair distribution of resources and benefits within society. Example: A government may implement progressive taxation to ensure that wealthier individuals contribute more to public services, thus assisting those in need

Answer 44

Distributive Justice

Question 45

The idea that some actions are right or wrong in themselves, no matter what the outcomes are

Answer 45

Deontology

Question 46

Explores the nature of ethical statements and judgments. Addresses questions such as: "What do we mean when we say something is right or wrong?"

Answer 46

Metaethics

Question 47

The right to gather peacefully and form associations

Answer 47

Freedom of Assembly

Question 48

Greek word and meaning of "morals"

Answer 48

"Moralis" meaning "customs or manners"

Question 49

Right to live and not be arbitrarily deprived of life

Answer 49

Right to Life

Question 50

Damages relationships and teamwork.

Answer 50

Ruins Trust

Question 51

Creates conflict and disrupts peace within the group.

Answer 51

Interferes with Harmony

Question 52

Continued disregard for rules maintains chaos and instability, hindering progress.

Answer 52

Stalls Progress

Question 53

Breaking rules leads to punishments or negative outcomes, reinforcing accountability.

Answer 53

Keeps Consequences