prenatal development and birth (II)

Question 1

stages of birth

Answer 1

1. uterine contractions
2. baby’s head starts to move through the cervix and the birth canal
3. after birth

Question 2

what is the longest stage of birth?

Answer 2

uterine contractions

Question 3

time intervals of uterine contractions

Answer 3

15 to 20 minutes apart at the beginning and last up to a minute

Question 4

as the first stage progresses, the contractions come closer together, appearing every ____ to ____ minutes

Answer 4

2, 5

Question 5

by the end of the first stage, contractions dilate the cervix to an opening of about ______cm

Answer 5

10 cm (4 in)

Question 6

for a woman having her first child, the first stage lasts an average of ____ to _____; for subsequent children, this stage is much ______

Answer 6

6, 12; shorter

Question 7

by the time the baby’s head is out of the body, the ____ come almost _____

Answer 7

contractions; every minute and last for about a minute

Question 8

duration of the time when the baby’s head move out

Answer 8

45 minutes to an hour

Question 9

what happens during the after birth?

Answer 9

placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes are detached and expelled

Question 10

professional that provides health care to women during pregnancy birth, and the postpartum period

Answer 10

midwives

Question 11

caregiver who provides continuous physical, emotional, and educational support for the mother before, during, and after childbirth

Answer 11

doula

Question 12

three basic kinds of drugs that are used for labor

Answer 12

analgesia
anesthesia
oxytocin/Pitocin

Question 13

a drug used to relieve pain

Answer 13

analgesia

Question 14

used in late first-stage labor and during delivery to block sensation in an area of the body or to block consciousness

Answer 14

anesthesia

Question 15

regional anesthesia that numbs the woman’s body from the waist down

Answer 15

epidural block

Question 16

a hormone that promotes uterine contractions; its synthetic form is called_____

Answer 16

oxytocin; pitocin

Question 17

a method that aims to reduce the mother’s pain by decreasing her fear by providing information about childbirth and teaching her and her partner to use breathing methods and relaxation techniques during delivery

Answer 17

natural and prepared childbirth

Question 18

involves husbands as coaches, relaxation for easier birth, and prenatal nutrition and exercise

Answer 18

bradley method

Question 19

includes a special breathing technique to control pushing in the final stages of labor, as well as more detailed education about anatomy and physiology

Answer 19

lamaze method

Question 20

the baby is removed from the mother’s uterus through an incision made in her abdomen

Answer 20

cesarean delivery

Question 21

conditions to perform cesarean deliveries

Answer 21

if the baby is lying crosswise in the uterus
baby’s head is too large to pass through
baby develops complications
if the mother is bleeding vaginally

Question 22

because of increased rates of ____, elective cesarean delivery is not recommended prior to 39 weeks of gestation unless there is an indication of ____

Answer 22

respiratory complications; fetal lung maturity

Question 23

the baby’s buttocks are the first part to emerge from the vagina

Answer 23

breech position

Question 24

what can breech births cause?

Answer 24

respiratory problems

Question 25

method used to assess the health of newborns at one and five minutes after birth

Answer 25

APGAR scale

Question 26

what does APGAR stand for

Answer 26

appearance (skin color) pulse grimace (reflex irritability) activity (muscle tone) respiration

Question 27

performed within 24-36 hour after birth; used as a sensitive index of neurological competence

Answer 27

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

Question 28

provides assessment of the newborn's behavior, neurological stress responses, and regulatory capacities

Answer 28

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Question 29

weight of low birth weight infants

Answer 29

< 5 pounds and 8 ounces

Question 30

born 3 weeks or more before the pregnancy has reached its full term

Answer 30

preterm birth

Question 31

those whose birth weight is below normal when the length of the pregnancy is considered; aka "small for gestational age infants"

Answer 31

small for date infants

Question 32

___, a synthetic hormone similar to progesterone, might play in reducing preterm births

Answer 32

progestin

Question 33

although most preterm and low birth weight infants are healthy, as a group they have more ___ and ___ than normal birth weight infants

Answer 33

health problems; developmental delays

Question 34

involves skin-skin contact with the baby, wearing only a diaper, is held upright the parent's bare chest

Answer 34

kangaroo care

Question 35

why use kangaroo care?

Answer 35

preterm infants often have difficulty coordinating their breathing and heart rate, and the close physical contact with the parent can help stabilize their heartbeat, temperature, and breathing

Question 36

length of postpartum period

Answer 36

six weeks or until the mother's body has completed its adjustments and has returned to a nearly prepregnant state

Question 37

physical adjustments during postpartum period

Answer 37

loss of sleep dramatic changes in hormone production

Question 38

emotional and psychological adjustments

Answer 38

emotional fluctuations postpartum blues postpartum depression

Question 39

major depressive episode that typically occur about four weeks after delivery

Answer 39

postpartum blues

Question 40

the formation of a connection, especially a physical bond between parents and the newborn in the period shortly after birth

Answer 40

bonding