Preposiciones y Contectores III Flashcards
(40 cards)
DIFERENCIA ENTRE LINKER Y CONJUNCTION
CONJUNCTIONS
A conjunction joins two clauses together.
“I was tired so I went to bed early”
LINKER ADVERBIALS
A linker adverbial joins two sentences. It must be after a full stop and followed by a comma.
“They were tired. Therefore, they went to bed early”
[CONJUNCIÓN DE CAUSA]
Debido a, por causa de, a causa de (conjunción de causa)
“Se retrasó el partido debido al mal tiempo”
Nota: debido al hecho de que … “No jugó el partido debido al hecho de que llegó tarde”
[CAUSE CONJUNCTION]
Due to /djuː tʊ|tuː/ because of /bɪˈkɒz ɒv/, on account of /ɒn əˈkaʊnt ɒv/, owing to /ˈəʊɪŋ tʊ|tuː/
“The game was delayed due to bad weather”
Structure: SVC + due to / because of / on account of / owing to + noun/pronoun
Note: all of them can be at the beginnig of the sentence to add emphasis.
Note: “due to the fact that” /djuː tʊ|tuː ðə fækt ðæt/, “on account of the fact that” /ɒn əˈkaʊnt ɒv ðə fækt ðæt/… “He didn’t play the match due to the fact that/on account of the fact that he was late”
[CONJUNCIÓN DE CAUSA]
Como, tal y como, ya que, dado que, puesto que
- “Ya que/como/dado que estás cansado, vamos a quedarnos en casa”*
- “Puesto que suspendió el examen, su madre no le permitió salir a cenar”*
[CAUSE CONJUNCTION]
As /æz, əz/, since /sɪns/
- “Since/as you’re tired, let’s stay at home*”
- “As/since he didn’t pass his examen, his mother didn’t allowed him to eat out”*
Note: is more common to use “as” as “como” that “since”
Structure: As/since + SVC, SVC
[CONJUNCIÓN DE CAUSA]
Porque
“No puedo comprarme esa casa porque no tengo suficiente dinero”
[CAUSE CONJUNCTION]
Becuase /bɪˈkɒz/ (cause conjunction)
“I can’t buy that house because I haven’t got enough money”
Structure: SCV because SVC
[CONJUNCIÓN DE CONTRASTE]
Prep. de circunstancia: aunque
- “Aunque estaba lloviendo fuimos de excursión”*
- “Me lo comeré aunque no me gusta”*
[CONTRAST CONJUNCTION]
Although /ɔːlˈðəʊ/, though /ðəʊ/, even though /ˈiːvən ðəʊ/
- “We went out for the day though it was raining”*
- “I’ll eat it although I don’t like”*
Structure: Although/even though/though SVC, SVC
Structure: SVC although/even though/though SVC
Aditional structure (only for though): SVC. SVC, though
[CONJUNCIÓN DE CONTRASTE]
Mientras que
“A él le gusta el brócoli mientras que ella lo odia”
[CONTRAST CONJUNCTION]
Whereas /wɛərˈæz/, whilst /waɪlst(
“He likes broccoli whereas she hates it”
Structure: Whereas/whilst SVC, SVC.
Structure: SVC whereas/whilst SVC
[LINKER DE CONTRASTE]
Sin embargo
- “Es una buena idea. Sin embargo, creo que no podremos conseguir el dinero para hacerlo”*
- “El no había desayunado, sin embargo, no tenía hambre”*
[CONTRAST LINKER]
However /haʊˈevəʳ/, Yet /jet/, Still /stɪl/, Neverthless /ˌnevəðəˈles/
“It’s a good idea. Nevertheless/However, I think we won’t be able to get the money to do it”
“He hadn’t eaten breakfast, still/yet, he wasn’t hungry”
Note: however also means “independientemente”, “sin importar” (“We can accept no mistakes, however small” (sin importar lo pequeño que sea))
Structure: SVC. However/Nevertheless, SVC
Structure: SVC, yet/still, SVC
[LINKER DE CONTRASTE]
Al contrario, por el contrario, opuestamente
“¿Crees que la gente no puede cambiar? ¡Al contrario, sí que pueden!”
[CONTRAST LINKER]
On the contrary /ɒn ðə kənˈtrɛərɪ/, By contrast /baɪ kənˈtrɑːst/, In contrast /ɪn kənˈtrɑːst/
“Do you think the people can’t change? On the contrary, they can!”
[LINKER DE CONTRASTE]
Por un lado …, por otro lado …
“Por un lado me gusta dormir. Por otro lado, si duermes mucho quizás pierdas el tiempo”
[CONTRAST LINKER]
On the one hand /ɒn ðə wʌn hænd/ …, on the other hand /ɒn ðə ˈʌðəʳ hænd/ …
“On the one hand I like sleeping. On the other hand, if you sleep a lot you might waste time”
Structure: On the one hand, SVC. On the other hand, SVC.
[CONJUNCIÓN DE CONTRASTE]
De la manera que
“Puedes hacerlo de la manera que quieras”
[CONTRAST CONJUNCTION]
However /haʊˈevəʳ/
“You can do it however you want to”
Structure: SVC however SVC
[CONJUNCIÓN DE CONTRASTE]
Prep. de circunstancia: A pesar de, pese a
- “Fue un buen partido a pesar del mal tiempo”*
- “Continuó fumando a pesar del consejo de su médico”*
Nota: A pesar de/A pesar del hecho de + frase (“Lo compró a pesar de que/aunque creía que era muy caro”, “Decidí caminar a la biblioteca a pesar de que/aunque estaba lloviendo”)
[CONTRAST CONJUNCTION]
Despite /dɪsˈpaɪt/, In spite of /ɪn spaɪt ɒv/
- “It was a great match despite the bad weather”*
- “I continued smoking in spite of his doctor’s advice”*
Note: “Despite the fact (that)|in spite of” /dɪsˈpaɪt ðə fækt (ðæt)|ɪn spaɪt ɒv/ + sentence (“He bought it despite the fact (that) he thought it was very expensive”) or “even though” /ˈiːvən ðəʊ/ (“I decided to walk to the library even though it was raining”)
Structure: despite/in spite of + v-ing when the two parts of the sencente talk about the same subject (“Despite being rich, he isn’t happy”. The same people who is rich is not happy too)
Structure: Despite/in spite of + noun when the two sentences have different subjects (“Despite the lock of job opportunities, he isn’t worried”)
Structure: Despite the fact (that)/in spite of SVC, SVC
Structure: SVC despite the fact (that)/in spite of SVC
[LINKER CONDICIONAL]
Si (condicional)
“Si me traes una tarta, te daré un beso”
[CONDITIONAL LINKER]
If /ɪf/
“If you bring me a cake, I’ll kiss you”
Structure: If SVC, SVC.
Structure: SVC if SVC
[LINKER CONDICIONAL]
A menos que
“Jack no vendrá a la fiesta a menos que lo llames”
[CONDITIONAL LINKER]
Unless /ənˈles/
“Jack won’t come to the party unless you phone him”
Structure: SV(-)C unless SV(+)C
Structure: Unless SV(+)C, SV(-)C
[LINKER CONDICIONAL]
Siempre y cuando
“Iré contigo siempre y cuando no te importe”
[CONDITIONAL LINKER]
As long as /æz|əz lɒŋ æz|əz/
“I’ll go with you as long as you don’t mind”
Structure: As long as SVC, SVC
Structure: SVC as long as SVC
[LINKER CONDICIONAL]
Con tal de que
“Poco le importa a la gente con tal de que ganen dinero”
[CONDITIONAL LINKER]
Provided (that) /prəˈvaɪdɪd (ðæt)/, Providing (that) /prəˈvaɪdɪŋ (ðæt)/
“People could not care less, provided they earn money”
Structure: Provided (that)/Providing (that) SVC, SVC
Structure: SVC provided (that)/providing (that) SVC
[LINKER CONDICIONAL]
Suponiendo (que)
“Suponiendo que dijera que sí, ¿te sorprenderías?”
[CONDITIONAL LINKER]
Supposing /səˈpəʊzɪŋ/
“Supposing he sais yes, would that surprise you?”
Structure: Supposing SVC, SVC
[LINKER CONDICIONAL]
A condición de que
“Iré a la fiesta a condición de que vengas conmigo”
[CONDITIONAL LINKER]
On condition that /ɒn kənˈdɪʃən ðæt/
“I’ll go to the party on condition that you come with me”
Structure: On condition that SVC, SVC
Structure: SVC on condition that SVC
Note: it is usually used at the beginning
[LINKER CONDICIONAL]
Por si, en caso de que
- “Iré contigo por si pierdes al autobús”*
- “Úsala sólo en caso de emergencia”*
[CONDITIONAL LINKER]
In case /ɪn keɪs ɒv/, In case of /ɪn keɪs ɒv/
- “I’ll go with you in case you miss the bus”*
- “Use it just in case of emergency”*
Structure: SVC in case SVC
Structure: In case SVC, SVC
Structure: In case of + noun
[LINKER DE PROPÓSITO]
Para (que), a fin de (que), con el fin de (que), de modo que (mismo sujero)
- “Tienes que seguir entrenando para mejorar”*
- “Compré este diccionario para aprender más vocabulario”*
[PURPOSE LINKER]
For /fɔːʳ/, To /tʊ|tuː/, In order (not) to /ɪn ˈɔːdəʳ (nɒt) tʊ|tuː/, so as (not) to /səʊ æz|əz (nɒt) tʊ|tuː/
- “You must keep on practising to/in order to/so as to improve”*
- “I bought this dictionary for learning more vocabulary”*
Structure: SVC to/in order (not) to/so as (not) to SVC
Structure: SVC for + v-ing
Note: for (informal), to (neutral), in order to/so as to (formal)
[LINKER DE PROPÓSITO]
Para (que), a fin de (que), con el fin de (que), de modo que (distinto sujero)
- “Compré este diccionario para que mis estudiantes aprendieran más vocabulario”*
- “Debe venir todos los dias para que tu madre pueda pagar el curso”*
[PURPOSE LINKER]
For /fɔːʳ/ + somebody + to inf
In order that /ɪn ˈɔːdəʳ ðæt/, so that /səʊ ðæt/ + Past Simple/Modal Verb, + Inf.
- “I bought this dictionary for my students to learn more vocabulary”*
- “You must come every day in order that/so that your mother can pay the school year”*
Structure: SVC in order that/so that SVC
[LINKER DE RESULTADO]
Como consecuencia de, en consecuencia de, por consecuencia de, a raíz de
“Fue castigado como consecuencia de su mal comportamiento”
Nota: como consecuencia, en consecuencia (al principio de oración). “El muchacho suspendió su examen. En consecuencia, no podrá salir este fin de semana”
[RESULT LINKER]
As a consequence of /æz|əz ə ˈkɒnsɪkwəns ɒv/, as a result of /æz|əz ə rɪˈzʌlt ɒv/
“He was punished as a consequence of his bad behaviour”
Note: “as a consequence”, “as a result”, “consequently”, “as a result of it”, “therefore”. “The boy didn’t pass his exam. As a consequence/…/…, he won’t be able to go out this weekend”
Structure (as a consequence of/as a result of): SVC as a consequence of/as a result of SVC
Structure (as a consequence/as a result/consequently/as a result of it/therefore): SVC. As a consequence/…/…, SVC
[LINKER DE CONCLUSIÓN]
En conculsión, para concluir, …
[CONCLUDE LINKER]
In conclusion /ɪn kənˈkluːʒən/, To sum up /tʊ|tuː sʌm ʌp/, In short /ɪn ʃɔːt/, To summarize we can say /tʊ|tuː ˈsʌməraɪz wiː kæn seɪ/, On the whole /ɒn ðə həʊl/, To conclude the main points /tʊ|tuː kənˈkluːd ðə meɪn pɔɪnts/
Structure: SVC. In conclusion/to sum up/…/…, SVC
[LINKER DE COMPARACIÓN]
Comparado con
“Comparado con Juan, Pepe es un gigante.”
Nota: se puede expresar comparación utilizando “entre … y …”. “Hay mucha diferencia de precio entre este y aquel”
Nota: hacer una comparación. “Si haces una comparación, por ejemplo comparas dos ideas diferentes”
[COMPARISON LINKER]
Compared to /kəmˈpɛərd tʊ|tuː/, In comparison with /ɪn kəmˈpærɪsn wɪð|wɪθ/
“In comparison with/Compared to John, Ollie’s a giant.”
Structure: SVC compared to/in comparison with + Noun
Structure: Compared to/in comparison with + Noun, SVC.
Note: between … and … “There is much price difference between this one and that one”
Note: to draw/make a comparison. “If you draw/make a comparison you compare two differents ideas for example”
[LINKER DE GENERALIZACIÓN]
De forma general, generalmente hablando, en términos generales
[GENERALISIN LINKER]
To a large extend /tʊ|tuː a|ə lɑːdʒ ɪksˈtend/, Above all /əˈbʌv ɔːl/, In many ways /ɪn ˈmenɪ weɪs/, Generally speaking /ˈdʒenərəlɪ ˈspiːkɪŋ/, In general terms /ɪn ˈdʒenərəl t3ːms/
Structure: SVC. To a large extend/above all/…/…, SVC
