Social Studies Presidents Flashcards
(35 cards)
Who was President during the War of 1812?
James Madison, 4th President of the U.S., served from 1809–1817 as a member of the Democrat-Republican Party.
What were the main causes of the War of 1812?
A. Violations of U.S. neutrality
B. Great Britain was seizing our ships and impressing our U.S. sailors
C. Great Britain was encouraging Native American rebellions in the NW Territory
D. U.S. could possibly gain more land – Canada.
When did the U.S. declare war on Great Britain in the War of 1812?
June 18, 1812
What were the main theaters/fronts of the War of 1812?
- Canada and the Great Lakes Region
- Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland (Ft. McHenry)
- New Orleans and the South
How did the U.S. perform at sea during the War of 1812?
American Navy had 20 ships vs. 800/1000 British ships
Americans are successful in one-on-one ship duels because of America’s newer ships (frigates).
U.S.S. Constitution vs. HMS Guerriere – the Constitution survived and gained the nickname “Old Ironsides”
U.S. used U.S. American privateers to help U.S. Navy
British blockaded our coastlines.
What happened in 1812?
War is not going well in the NW Territory as many forts were taken over by the British with help from Native Americans.
War at Sea
What happened in the battle of Lake Erie?
a key goal to break British control of the Great Lakes; American Commodore Oliver H. Perry is victorious, and the U.S. gained control of the Gr. Lakes region – “We have met the enemy and they are ours.”
What forts did the British capture in 1813?
British and Native Americans captured American forts of Ft. Detroit and Ft. Niagara; Montreal remained a British possession – the war was going badly for America!
What was the significance of the Battle of the Thames River?
Gen. William H. Harrison marched into Canada and won by defeating a combined British and Native force.
Tecumseh is killed in this battle, further weakening the Native force.
U.S. gained control of the NW Territory; Canada remained a British possession.
What happened at the battle of Bladensburg?
Battle of Bladensburg, MD – outside of Washington, D.C. – was an embarrassment and a defeat for Americans.
Our capital was undefended; British attacked Washington, D.C. and burned the Executive Mansion and other government buildings (August 24, 1814).
Dolly Madison saved some White House treasures and GW’s portrait by Gilbert Stuart.
What happened in the battle of Baltimore, MD?
Sept. 13-14, 1814
- Ft. McHenry protected Baltimore at the Patapsco River and Chesapeake Bay.
- Maj. George Armistead was in charge of the fort.
- British bombarded the fort for 25 hours from the river, but the Americans held the fort.
- Francis Scott Key, who was captive on a boat in the harbor, wrote a poem called “Defense of Ft. McHenry,” when he saw the American flag flying over the fort when the battle ended. This poem was later named “The Star Spangled Banner,” and it became our national anthem in 1931. Mary Pickersgill of Baltimore sewed the flags.
How did we get the star spangled banner?
Francis Scott Key, who was captive on a boat in the harbor, wrote a poem called “Defense of Ft. McHenry,” when he saw the American flag flying over the fort when the battle ended. This poem was later named “The Star Spangled Banner,” and it became our national anthem in 1931. Mary Pickersgill of Baltimore sewed the flags.
What was the outcome of the Creek War in the South?
War erupted in the South when Americans began pushing into the Mississippi River territory
(present-day states of Mississippi and Alabama).
- Creek Natives (Chief Red Eagle) attacked Ft. Mims in Alabama, killing about 250 American defenders.
- Gen. Andrew Jackson, Commander of the Tennessee militia, led 2,000 volunteers and defeated the Creek at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in Alabama.
- Treaty of Ft. Jackson ended Creek War in 1814 and forced the Creek to give up millions of acres of their land.
What ended the war of 1812?
Treaty of Ft. Jackson ended Creek War in 1814 and forced the Creek to give up millions of acres of their land.
What happened at the Battle of New Orleans?
British moved against New Orleans and hoped to capture the city and control the Mississippi River.
- Gen. Andrew Jackson commanded U.S. forces, and troops included regular soldiers, free African Americans, Chocktaw, state militias, and pirates.
- Battle began on Jan. 8, 1815 with 5,300 Br. versus 4,500 Americans.
- American victory at the Battle of New Orleans made Jackson a hero and was the last major conflict of the War of 1812 (happened after the treaty was signed).
What were some of the effects of the war of 1812?
A. Treaty of Ghent (Belgium) ended the war in Dec. 1814.
B. U.S. gained a new sense of patriotism that became known as nationalism.
C. American manufacturing was boosted (increased).
D. Native American resistance was weakened.
E. U.S. gained respect from other nations.
F. America had a new identity as Americans and led to an Era of Good Feelings under President James Monroe.
Who was President from 1817 to 1825, and what party did he belong to?
James Monroe, 5th President of the U.S., served from 1817–1825 and was a Democrat-Republican.
What was the “Era of Good Feelings” and when did it occur?
1815-1825 – A time of peace and prosperity and First Industrial Revolution begins.
What were the key features of the U.S. after the War of 1812 during Monroe’s presidency?
- U.S. won the War of 1812 (1812-1814).
- 1815-1825 – A time of peace and prosperity and First Industrial Revolution begins.
- U.S. had success and signed agreements/treaties with both Great Britain and Spain.
- Growing pride known as nationalism in America.
- However, there also was a growing sectionalism/regionalism within the country as it expanded because of slave versus free state issue.
- End of the Federalist Party
What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement?
gained Great Lakes fishing rights and demilitarized the region
What did the Convention of 1818 accomplish?
set the 49th N latitude as border between U.S. and Br. North America to Rocky Mountains.
What did the U.S. gain from the Adams-Onís Treaty with Spain?
The U.S. gained Florida
What was the Monroe Doctrine and why was it issued?
On Dec. 2, 1823 he issued the Monroe Doctrine, which warned foreign powers that the Western Hemisphere (North and South America) was off-limits and any interference would be viewed as a hostile/enemy act.
What was the long-term significance of the Monroe Doctrine?
- Spanish colonies in Central and South America began to challenge Spanish rule, and by 1820 most countries had declared themselves independent.
- Monroe worried that European powers might take control of these newly independent countries.
