Presidents Extras Flashcards
(26 cards)
Jackson’s rise (4)
Orphaned
Studied law
Senator in 1797
Supremes Court of Tennessee
Results of 1824 election (3)
25% turnout
Jackson 99 votes to Adams 84
41% of House supported JQA, 33% Jackson
Corrupt bargain (4)
Clay used influence as speaker
Became Secretary of State
Drove Jackson’s 1828 campaign
May not have been corrupt
Results of 1828 election (5)
52.6% turnout 178 votes to 83 56% of popular vote 95% in Tennessee Jackson won 15 states except in New England
Formation of BUS (3)
Set up under Madison in 1816
20 year charter
Re chartering set for 1832
Jackson turnout in elections (4)
25%
52.6%
56.9%
80% by 1840
Jackson- system of rotation (4)
Greater accountability
Sacked 2/3 of officials immediately
Avoided long tenure which festered corruption
However could keep cronies in power
Jackson’s use of veto (4)
12 times, more than all previous combined
1st political pocket veto
Main veto was BUS
Maysville Road Veto in May 1830, shares in a company building a road in Kentucky, stopped by personal grudge against Clay
Opposition to BUS (2)
Despite Congress’ and TSC’s support of use and legitimacy, Jacksin opposed
Felt currency was not stable and was being used to make rich richer
Response to nulIification (3)
Ordered Scott to prepare army for operation
Naval squadron also prepared
Force bill and compromise tariff passed by congress
Force Bill (2)
Enacted March 1833
Allowed used force to collect tariff and detain those preventing
Come tariff of 1833 (3)
Clay and Calhoun
Gradually reduced rate to 20% by 1842, level of 1816
Tariff of Abominations, 1828, was highest ever, 50%
Indian Removal Act (5)
Worcester vs Georgia in TSC
Ruled Georgia was not allowed to remove Cherokees
Jackson ignored
Forced removal to Oklahoma territory 1830
4,000 Cherokees died in Trail of Tears, 16,000 relocates
Johnson on slavery (7)
“Gov has a clear right to destroy it”
Recruited 20,000 blacks to serve Union
Certified New Constitution of Tennessee that abolished slavery as governor
Wanted to giver power to plebs but not slaves as risk of supporting planters
Lots of public support for quick restoration
Believed suffrage was an issue for states’ as did Seward
Not too bothered by suffrage, Northern states including Minnesota had rejected it in Dec 1865
Initial support for Johnson (10)
Had been nominated as VP unanimously
Told Lincoln not to be too lenient with traitors
Kept Lincoln’s cabinet
Issued $100,000 bounty on Davis
Authorised execution of Mary Suratt and other assassins
Universal support from Cabinet in recognising Virginian gov and amnesty to all ex-rebels with less than $20,000
Had allowed Seward to continue with foreign policy
Drunk when sworn in
Unfortunately, Johnson’s leniency emboldened South
Johnson’s vetoes (5)
Vetoed Civil Rights Act, overturned, first major bill to do so
Vetoed 14th but overturned, Tennessee ratified and were accepted to congress
Had attempted to reach a compromise with South over 14th, less strict, but Republicans wouldn’t negotiate
Vetoed reconstruction acts, but overridden
Colorado statehood wasn’t overridden
Johnson’s re-election ambitions (7)
Felt need to limit Radical Republicans so moderates would unite behind him
Vetoed Freedmen’s bureau bill in Feb 1866 and wasn’t overturned
Speech on Washington’s Birthday, referred to himself 200 times in an hour and complained about and named Radical Republicans
Estimated to have cost 200,000 votes in 1866 midterms
1866 midterms - Swing around the Circle Campaign, argued with hecklers and Republicans won over 2/3 in congress
Not denominated by Democratic National Convention
Johnson’s impeachment (3)
December 1867, initial attempt failed
Still dismissed Edwin Stanton and was tried in Feb 1868
Survived by 1 vote as fear of Senate President pro Tempore Wade being too radical
Johnson’s final year (1)
25 Dec 1868, full amnesty to all including Davis
Grants attempts to bring in stability (4)
Avoided choosing leading Republicans for Cabinet, choices were well received
Appointed 4 justices to TSC, some for and some against reconstruction
Asked congress to admit unrepresented states to congress, who did so after states accepted 15th
Signed amnesty act restoring rights to former Cinfeds
Civil rights (9)
Lobbied congress doe 15th amendment
Created Justice Department in 1870 for attorney general
Relied on army and Justice Department to enforce rule in South
3rd of 3 Enforcement acts was KKK act, made fear tactics federal offence and authorised President to suspend Habeas Corpus if necessary
Overturned by U.S. v Cruikshank in 1876
KKK officially broken by 1872
Habeas Corpus suspended in part of SC to target Klan
Had to stop prosecution in June 1873 due to finances
Passed 2nd civil rights act in 1875
Grant’s elections
1868 - won 52%
1872, Republicans split forming Liberal Republicans
Grant won 56%of the vote, 286 to 66 in EC
Corruption for Grand, the bad (5)
Guided age of speculation on Western expansion resulted in corruption
Opposition to military rule
40 officials only with positions due to nepotism
Testified on behalf of Personal Secretary OE Babcock
1873 secretly doubled salary from $25,000 to $50,000
Grant corruption, the good (4)
Prosecuted Gold Ring in 1869, a scam to drive up prices
Whiskey Ring of 1876 had been evading tax, 110 convictions, “let no guilty man escape”
Civil Service Commission, 1871
1st President with civil service encouraging reform and meritocracy
