The War 1861-65 Flashcards
(192 cards)
0
Q
What would the 4 non-seceding slave States have added to Confed industrial capacity
A
80%
1
Q
Comparative populations 1861
A
22 million in North, 9 million in South (5.5 million white)
2
Q
Fraction of all West Point Graduates that were from the North 1820-60
A
2/3
3
Q
Comparative factory numbers in 1860
A
North had 6 times
4
Q
Comparative productive capacity 1860
A
North had 10x
5
Q
Comparative miles of railway track 1860
A
North had double
6
Q
Comparative production of wheats and oats
A
North produced 80% of total
7
Q
Month of Baltimore Confrontation
A
April 1861
8
Q
Fatalities at Baltimore 1861
A
4 soldiers and 12 civilians
9
Q
Who won June elections in Maryland
A
Unionists
10
Q
% of Delaware’s population that was slave
A
2%
11
Q
Kentucky’s initial stance on secession
A
Neutrality
12
Q
Confederate invasion of Kentucky, date and site
A
September 1861, took Colombus
13
Q
1861, suggestion of Missouri joining Confed
A
Pro-Confed governor called for 50,000 volunteers to defend the state against the Union
14
Q
Key Unionist figures in Missouri (2)
A
Congressmen Francis Blair and Nathaniel Lyon
15
Q
Comparative naval ships tonnage, ratio
A
Union 25:1 Confed
16
Q
Comparative fire arms production, 1861, ratio
A
Union 32:1 Confed
17
Q
Comparative cotton production, 1861, ratio
A
Union 1:24 Confed
18
Q
Size of Confederacy
A
750,000 square miles
19
Q
Confed advantages heading into the war (5)
A
Size Defending Slavery Cotton Maryland, Missouri and Kentucky
20
Q
Size of Union army in 1861
A
16,000 scattered in West
21
Q
Size of Union war department 1861
A
90 men
22
Q
April 1861, number of volunteers requested by Lincoln
A
75,000 for 3 months
23
Q
July 1861, Lincoln’s call for further troops, number
A
500,000 for 3 years
24
Who had better state militias
South
25
Number of officers leaving army for Confederacy
300
26
Feb 1861, number of volunteers requested by Davis
100,000 for a year
27
May 1861, Davis' further call for troops
400,000 for 3 year
28
April 1861, number of Muskets in South
160,000
29
Northern introduction of militia law, month
July 1862
30
Date of conscription for N and S
N March 1863
| S March 1862
31
Proportion of total men fighting who were conscripts
1/10
32
Total size of Confed army up to 1865
900,000
33
Total size of Union army up to 1865
2.1 million
34
Name of old-fashioned musket
Smoothbore musket
35
Range of smoothbore musket
100 yards
36
Range of new rifles from 1861
600 yards
37
Year when both sides had rifle-muskets
1863
38
Name of Ordnance Chief for Union 1861-62
Chief Ripley
39
Change in tactics with new guns, from what to what
Mass formation to trenches
40
Number of bullets fired in a week in May 1864 in North Virginia
19 million
41
Comparative size of Calvary (% of total troops)
20% Confed , 15% Union
42
Key Confed cavalry commanders
Jeb Stuart and Nathan Bedford Forrest
43
Different infrastructures for the two cavalries
Union, some in each unit
| Confed, kept as a single unit
44
Geographical features that benefited Confed (2)
Appalachian Mountains
| Shenandoah valley
45
April 1861, Union navy ships and men
90 ships but not all ready, 8800 men
46
Number of Union ships by Dec 1861
260 on duty, 100 more under construction
47
Reasons for Confed naval inferiority (2)
No shipbuilding capacity
| No previous navy
48
Union Navy Secretary, name
Gideon Welles
49
Name of Scott's blockade plan
Anaconda plan
50
Miles of Southern coastline
3500
51
Capture of New Orleans, month
April 1862
52
Significance of New Orleans to Confed
Key exporter at mouth of Mississippi
| Largest town
53
Confed Navy Secretary, name
Stephen Mallory
54
Name of Confed ironclad
Merrimack but became Virginia
55
Union control of Mississippi by August 1862
All except 150 mile stretch between Vicksburg and port Hudson
56
Nickname for Confed and Union soldiers
Johnny Reb
| Billy Yank
57
% of Union troops born overseas
20
58
% of Union troops that were African American by 1865
10
59
% of Confed soldiers that were native born
95
60
Average age of soldiers in war
25
61
% of men between 18 and 30
80%
62
Colour of Union uniforms
Blue
63
Colours of Confed army
Grey or butternut
64
Breakdown of deaths
360,000 total deaths, 67,000 killed in action, 43,000 died of wounds and 224,000 died of disease
65
Name of Confed Hospital established
Chimborazo Hospital
66
Capacity of Chimborazo Hospital
8,000
67
Number of women working as nurses in the war
3,200
68
Name of of most reputable female nurse
Clara Barton
69
Comparative desertion rates
1 in 7 Confed, 1 in 10 Union
70
Year of suspension of prisoner exchange
1863
71
Reasons for suspension of Union suspension of prisoner exchange (2)
Violations of agreements
| South gained more from exchange than North
72
Name of notorious Confederate prison camp
Andersonville
73
Number of inmates in Andersonville
50,000
74
Number of Union soldiers imprisoned, of which died
195,000 of which 30,000 died
75
Number of Confed prisoners taken, of which died
215,000 and 26,000 died
76
Proportion of soldiers that died as a whole
1 in 5
77
Key confederate general to emerge from 1st Manassas
Thomas Stonewall Jackson
78
Why was winning 1st Manassas bad for Confed (2)
Over confident and complacent
| Spurred on Union troops
79
Who replaced McDowell after 1st Manassas
General George McClellan
80
McClellan's nickname
Little Mac
81
Political affiliation of McClellan
Democrat
82
Main complaint about McClellan
Too reluctant to use large army
83
Movement of Army of Potomac in April 1862
121,000 moved to Fortress Monroe, 70 miles from Richmond
84
Size of Confed force stopping McClellan's peninsula campaign, and commander
11,000 commanded by General Magruder, appeared more by marching up and down
85
Jackson's successes from March to June 1862 (3)
Marched hundreds of kilometres, inflicted 7000 casualties and diverted 60,000 troops from other tasks
86
Month of capture of New Orleans
April 1862
87
Evidence that Lincoln thought war was close to victory in 1862
In April, Lincoln, Stanton, called a halt to federal recruiting
88
When did Lee come to lead and who did he replace
31 May 1862, General Johnston
89
Lee's key military tactic
Offensive defensive
90
The Seven Days, month
June-July 1862
91
Who initiated the Seven Days
Lee
92
Who won the seven days
Lee but lost more men
93
Month of Second Manassas
August 1862
94
Head of Union armies at time of Second Manassas
General Pope
95
Head of union armies after second Manassas
McClellan
96
Who won second Manassas
Confed
97
Lee's aims for Maryland Campaign (5)
```
Protect Virginia's harvest
Gain Maryland volunteers
Win a decisive victory
Demoralise the North
Persuade Britain to recognise it
```
98
At what battle did orders fall into Confed hands?
Battle of Antietam
99
Month of Antietam
September 1862
100
Number of men lost on 17 September in Antietam
10,000 Confed, 14,000 McClellan
101
Aftermath of Antietam (3)
Lee retreated into Virginia
Emancipation proclamation issued
McClellan failed to follow up
102
Who replaced McClellan after Nov 1862
General Burnside
103
Month of Battle of Fredricksburg
December 1862
104
Casualties of Fredricksburg
Union forces lost 11,000 men, Confed lost less than 5000
105
Who won first major battle in West, Missouri
Confederates
106
1861 structure of Western forces Union
General Halleck on Mississippi, General Buell in Kentucky and Tennessee
107
Leader of Confed Western forces in 1861
General Albert Johnston
108
Union first victory of war, site and month
Jan 1862, Mill Springs, Kentucky
109
Grants first success in West
Capture of 16,000 at Fort Donelson
110
Month of Shiloh
April 1862
111
Who won 1st day of Shiloh
Confed
112
Who won Shiloh
Union
113
Effect of Shiloh on leadership of armies (2)
Halleck appointed General in chief
| Beaureguard replaced by Bragg
114
War situation in 1862 in Kentucky and Tennessee
No real gains on either side
115
Who replaced Burnside when
Fighting Joe Hooker, Jan 1863
116
Month of Battle of Chancellorsville
May 1863
117
Which General from each side was involved in the other conflict at Chancellorsville
General Early (Confed), Gen Sedgewick (Union)
118
Date of Jackson's death
10 May 1863
119
Who won Chancellorsville
Confederacy
120
Who replaced Hooker, when
General Meade on 28th June 1863
121
Dates if Gettysburg
1-3 July 1863
122
Confed achievements on first day of Gettysburg
Forced Union troops on to Culp's Hill and Cemetry Hill
123
Site of near Confed break through at Gettysburg
Little around Top
124
Who won second day of Gettysburg?
Stalemate
125
Number of men in Pickett's charge on 3rd day of Gettysburg, and losses
15,000, 6,500 in first hour
126
Total losses on both sides from Gettysburg
28,000 Confed, 23,000 Union
127
Impact of Gettysburg on Union (3)
High morale
Myth of invincibility
Confed never strong enough again
128
Reasons Gettysburg was not a turning point (2)
Couldn't hold for long
| Couldn't follow up
129
Importance if Vicksburg
Control of Mississippi
130
Three Confed generals in West
Pemberton at Vicksburg
Johnston for West
Bragg for Kentucky and Tennessee
131
Who led ironclad fleet past Vicksburg
Admiral Porter
132
When did Grant cross the Mississippi
End of April 1863
133
Grants tactic in Vicksburg campaign
Divide forces and attack separately
134
Date of Vicksburg's capture
4 July 1863
135
Number of Confed troops surrendering at Vicksburg
30,000
136
Date of capture of Port Hudson
9 July 1863
137
Month of Battle Chickamauga
September 1863
138
Which Union General pushed Bragg back in Autumn 1863
General Rosecrans
139
Who won battle of Chickamauga
Comfederacy
140
Who besieged Chattanooga
Bragg
141
How did Grant save Chattanooga
Cracker Line
142
Date Lookout Mountain was stormed
24 November 1863
143
Date of Grant becoming General in chief
March 1864
144
Who replaced Grant out West
Sherman
145
Grants planned advance in 1864
"Simultaneous movement all along the line"
146
Offer made to Union veterans for re-enlisting in 1864
$400 and 30 days leave
147
Number of Union veterans who did re-enlist
136,000 did, 100,000 didnt
148
Months of Wilderness Campaign
May-June 1864
149
Grant's plan's initial failings in 1864 (3)
Banks defeated in red river area
Butler didn't pressure Richmond
Union forces in Shenandoah were defeated
150
Number of losses in Grant's Wilderness campaign (Union, confed)
50,000 U to 25,000 Confed
151
Nickname for Grant, and who given by
Butcher Grant, by Democrats
152
Union attempts to burrow under Confed lines, where and when
Petersburg, 30 July 1864
153
Confed General at Petersburg
General Beaureguard
154
Siege of Petersburg, dates
June 1864- April 1865
155
New Union commander in Shenandoah valley in Autumn 1864
Sheridan
156
Who was Confed General before Hood against Sherman
General Johnston
157
Confed losses under Hood
20,000
158
Month of Sherman's capture of Atlanta
September 1864
159
Full name and age of Hood
John Bell Hood, 33
160
1864 Democrat Presidential nomination
General McClellan
161
Month of Lincoln's nomination
June 1864
162
Lincoln's running mate in 1864, name and state
Andrew Johnson of Tennessee
163
Month of Lincoln's re-election
November 1864
164
1864 Election results
Lincoln won 2,212,645 (55%) and 212 EC votes
| McClellan won 1,802,237 (45%) and 21 EC votes
165
Effect of 1864 on republican majorities in both houses of Congress
Increased majority
166
Lincoln's share of soldier vote
78%
167
Sherman's march through Georgia in Autumn 1864, length and damage
285 miles, $100 million damage
168
Month of battle of Nashville
December 1864
169
Commanders at Nashville 64
Union Thomas, Confed Hood
170
Month of Hood's resignation
Jan 1865
171
Confed initial attempts at peace talks in 1865 who and when
Vice-President Stephens in Feb 1865
172
Month of Confed approval of slave regiments
March 1865
173
Comparative troop numbers at Petersburg trenches in March 1865
Confed 50,000, Union had 125,000 and more approaching
174
Month of fall of Petersburg and Richmond
April 1865
175
Date of Lincoln's visit to Richmond
3 April 1865
176
Lee's plan after fall of Richmond
Join up with Johnston
177
Date of meeting at Appomattox Court House between who
10 April 1865, Lee and Grant
178
Date of Davis' capture
10 May 1865
179
Date of last battle, result and where
13 May 1865, Texas and Confed
180
Largest city in Confederacy
New Orleans
181
Union songs that developed during the war (2)
Battle Cry of Freedom and John Brown's Body
182
Nickname for General Meade
Old Snapping Turtle
183
Which regiment saved day at Gettysburg and who led by
20th Maine, Joshua Chamberlain
184
Date and campaign of Battle Above The Clouds
24 November, Chattanooga
185
Comparative troop numbers at Nashville siege in 1864
23,000 Confed besieging 50,000 Union
186
Number of people arrested under Lincoln
40,000
187
What fraction of trains was made in the South I'm 1860
19/470
188
How many ships were in the blockade at one time
150
189
Confederate % of saltpetre imported
75%
190
Confederate % of small arms produced
60%
191
Name of main Confederate Commissioner to Union
William L Yancey
