USA In The Mid-nineteenth Century Flashcards
(115 cards)
0
Q
3 components of state government
A
A governor, a Supreme Court and a legislative body
1
Q
Date of constitution
A
1787
2
Q
Cut-off population between state and territory
A
60,000
3
Q
Number of states by 1850
A
30
4
Q
Who could vote in 1830
A
All white males
5
Q
Political system
A
Two party system
6
Q
Names of parties upto 1850
A
Whigs and Democrats
7
Q
Stronghold for democrats
A
South and West
8
Q
Democrat platform
A
Lower tariffs, less intervention and western expansion
9
Q
Whig platform
A
Greater intervention, higher tariffs and infrastructure schemes
10
Q
Congresses between 1840 and 1854
A
5/7 were Democrat majority
11
Q
Number of people on gov payroll in 1860 (post office)
A
36,672 (30,000)
12
Q
Sitting time of gov
A
December to March
13
Q
Wealth distribution in 1860, top 5 and bottom 50
A
53% and 1%
14
Q
Women working
A
25% out-of-home work before marriage 5% after
15
Q
Restrictions on women
A
Could not vote
Could not own property
16
Q
Average number of children in 1850 for white women
A
5
17
Q
GNP growth 1800-50
A
7x increase
18
Q
GNP per capita growth 1800-1850
A
2x increase
19
Q
Population 1840 and 1860
A
17 million to 31 million
20
Q
Population growth in area between Mississippi River and Appalachian mountains 1815-1850
A
3x faster than original states
21
Q
Population distribution by 1850
A
50% lived west of Appalachians
22
Q
Food production 1840-60
A
4x increase
23
Q
Steamships in Mississippi in 1850
A
700
24
Railway growth 1840-1860
3,000 miles to 30,000 miles more than rest of world combined
25
Chicago population growth
40 people in 1830, 109,000 in 1860
26
New York population 1860
800,000
27
Number of Northern factories employing large numbers
4 over 50,000
28
Cotton exports to total exports
50% of total
29
Iron Industry in South
Tredegar Iron works in Richmond Virginia was 4th largest in 1840
30
Wealth distribution N and S 10%
10% owned 68% in 1860
31
% Slave owning families in South
25%
32
1800 % of labour in agriculture N and S
68% N and 82% S
33
1860% of labour in agriculture N and S
N 40% and S 81%
34
Number of confederate towns with more than 5000 people in 1860
20
35
Largest Southern Cities
Charleston (under 40,000) Richmond (under 40,000) New Orleans (175,000)
36
% of population living in towns N in 1820, 1840 and 1850
10, 14 and 26
37
% of population living in towns in South 1820, 1840 and 1850
5%, 6% and 10%
38
Fraction of foreign born to non in N and S in 1860
1 in 6 in N and 1 in 30 in S
39
Slave trade made illegal
1808
40
Number of slaves in 1808
1 million
41
Colonies with slavery in 1776
All 13
42
First ban on slavery
1787 Ordinance in Northern West Terittory
43
Cotton production in 1790
9000 bails a year
44
Cotton invention
Eli Whitney's Cotton Engine in 1793
45
Cotton production in 1830s
2 million bales a year
46
Slave representation as property
3/5 of a man
47
Location of slave revolt in 1790s
Haiti
48
Purchase of Liberia, date
1822
49
Success of Liberian policy
Only 10,000 returned by 1860
50
Changes in slave population 1820-60
Increased by 2 million
51
The Liberator, Date and Launcher
William Lloyd Garrison in 1831
52
National Anti-Slavery Society date
1833
53
Membership of NASS by 1838
250,000
54
Gag-rule
1836 introduced by Congress to ensure abolitionist petitions weren't discussed
55
Abolition of slavery in British Colonies, date
1833
56
Liberty Party success
Only received 7000 votes in 1840 election
57
Reasons for failure of Liberty party
Many wanted to work through other parties
| Not a lot of public support for abolition
58
Nat Turner Slave Revolt
55 whites mainly women and children were killed in 1831
59
Southern actions against abolitionists
Banned anti-slavery literature
| Death penalty in some cases for circulation
60
Number of slaves in 1860 in South
4 million slaves to 8 million whites in the 15 states
61
Slave ratio in South Carolina
Outnumbered whites
62
Decline in slave owning families 1850-60
1 in 3 white families to 1 in 4
63
Slave to owner ratio in 1860
50% owned no more than 5 slaves
| 50% of slaves on plantations with more than 20
64
Absolute figure of slave owning families
10,000
65
Slave usage percentages
55% in cotton, 10% in tobacco, 10% in other agriculture, 10% in industry and 15% as domestic servants
66
Number of free blacks in South in 1860
250,000
67
Number of blacks in North
200,000
68
Northern States allowing free black voting equal to white in 1860
3
69
Book on decline of Southern economy due to slavery
1857, Southerner Hilton Rowan Helper wrote The Impending Crisis of the South
70
Change in slave prices in 1850s
Doubled
71
Increase in GDP per capita in South relative to USA as a whole
1840-60 faster rate of increase
72
Southern slave agriculture efficiency to small-family agriculture
Slaves 35% more efficient
73
Era under James Monroe
Era of Good Feelings
74
Monroe Doctrine
Europe should avoid any interference in the Americas
75
State and Dates of Monroe
1817-24
| Virginia
76
Reduction in national debt under John Quincy Adams
$16 million to $5 million
77
State and dates of JQA
1825-29
| Massachusetts
78
State and Dates of Martin van Buren
New York
| 1837-41
79
State, date and party of John Tyler
1841-45
Virginia
Whig
80
State and dates of James K Polk and party
1845-49
Tennessee
Democrat
81
State, dates and party of Zachary Taylor
Louisiana
1849-50
Whig
82
Price of a slave in 1850
$2,000 for skilled slave which is around $56,000 in real terms
83
When was Jackson first in the senate
1797 for a year
84
When and at what age was Clay first elected as speaker of the House
1811 at 34
85
Political positions of John C Calhoun
1817-25 Secretary of War under Monroe
| 1825-32 VP for JQA and Jackson
86
Webster's position in cabinet under John Tyler
Secretary of State
87
Number of slaves owned by Jackson
300
88
Jackson's actions against Brits in Seminole War
Executed 2 for supplying and advising natives
89
Date of Jackson's conflict with Supreme Court over Removal
1832
90
Terms of Indian Removal Act
Forcibly relocated natives to modern day Oklahoma
91
Which system of politics was supported by Henry Clay
American System
92
Features of American System
20-25% tariff
| National bank to support a single currency
93
Method for nominating candidates in 1824
Undemocratic congressional caucus
94
Results of 1824 election EC
Jackson received 99 votes to 84 for Adam
95
Turnout of 1824 election
25%
96
Nickname for events of 1824 election
Corrupt Bargain
97
Clay's position after 1824 election
Secretary of State
98
Result of 1828 election in EC
178 EC votes to 83 for JQA
99
Jackson's changes to democracy (4)
Rewrote state constitutions
Believed all white men should have the vote
Appealed to the common man
Party system
100
Jackson's actions towards cabinet
Sacked 2/3 immediately
| Spoils system
101
Use of veto, number and example by Jackson
12, Maysville road veto
102
Date and name of highest ever tariff
Tariff of Abominations 1828
103
Calhoun's response (3) to Tariff of Abominations
Wrote South Carolina Exposition in 1828
Gave Address to People of South Carolina in 1831
Resigned as VP on 28 Dec 1832 and joined senate to defend SC
104
South Carolina's response to Compromise tariff
Nullified it
105
Jackson's response to nullification crisis (4)
Introduced the Force Bill, vowed to hang nullification leaders, sent war ships to Charleston, positioned army nearby
106
Rate of tariff proposed by Clay in 1833
20%
107
Year of 2nd BUS established and which president
1816, Madison
108
Length of initial charter of 2nd BUS
20 years
109
Year of Jackson's veto of BUS
1832
110
Name of unofficial cabinet under Jackson
Kitchen Cabinet
111
Election of 1832 results
219 EC votes or 54.7%
112
What year did Clay organise Whigs
1834
113
Single unifier of Whigs when founded
Opposition to tyranny of Andrew Jackson
114
Number of Cherokees that died in Trail of Tears
Over 4,000
