Problem Of Western Expansion Flashcards by Matt Butler

Year of Missouri’s application

1819

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Number of states in 1819 and balance

22, 11 of each

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Terms of Missouri Compromise x3

Missouri slave
Maine free
No slavery above 3630

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Mexico frees slaves, date

1829

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American immigrants in Texas in 1835

30,000 with 5,000 slaves to 5,000 Mexicans

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Number killed at the Alamo in March 1837

187

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Who defeated Mexicans in April 1836

American-Texan army led by Sam Houston

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Mexican defeat in 1836 where and result

San Jacinto

Santa Anna captured and forced to recognise independence of Texas

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Jackson attitude to Texas

Sympathetic but ignored it

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Candidates in 1844 Presidential election

Whig Henry Clay against Democrat James Polk

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Polk’s 1844 platform

Annexation of Oregon and Texas

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Who admitted Texas when

Whig President Tyler in 1845

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Who coined manifest destiny

Democrat journalist John O’Sullivan

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Causes of Mexican American War (4)

Texas
Disputed boundaries
Mexican failure to pay $2 million
Obvious attempts to take New Mexico and Cali

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Attempted purchase of New Mexico

John Slidell sent as special emissary to Mexico in 1845 with authority to offer $30 million

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Triggering Mexican War

Polk sent US troops into disputed Rio Grande region

Ambushed by Mexicans in May 1846 causing 16 casualties

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American advantages in the Mexican war (6)

Double the population
Much stronger industrial base
Superior artillery
Many well trained officers
Enthusiastic volunteers
Naval Supremacy

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Key figures in the war with Mexico (4-1)

Colonel Kearney, Colonel Fremont, General Z Taylory, General Scott v General Santa Anna

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Cost of the Mexican war

$100 million and 13,000 dead (11,000 from disease)

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Feb 1848
2/5 of USA for $15 million and $3.25 million worth of debt
Ratified in May 1848

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Wilmot Proviso

August 1846, proposed slavery should be excluded from any territory gained from Mexico

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Voting for Wilmot Proviso

83 to 64 pass in house
All southern democrats and all but two southern Whigs voted against
Failed to pass the senate

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When was the Calhoun Doctrine

1847

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When was congress called solely for slavery

30th, December 1847

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Champions of popular sovereignty

Mid-Western Democrats Senator Lewis Cass and Senator Stephen Douglas

What was popular sovereignty

Settlers, not congress should decide whether a territory should or should not allow slaves

Candidates for 1848 election (3)

Lewis Cass for Democrats Zachary Taylor for Whigs Martin van Buren for Free Soil Party

1848 election result

Taylor won 47.5% and 163 EC Cass won 42.5% and 127 EC van Buren won 10% and 0 EC Taylor won 8/15 free and 7/15 slave states

Reaction to Calhoun's Address of the People of the Southern States

Only 48 signed, 1/3 of slave state members of congress

Year of Cali gold rush

1848-49

Who called for 1850 Nashville Convention

Mississippi in October 1849, to all slave States to adopt resistance to Northern aggression.

Henry Clay first in congress

1812

Set of resolutions in omnibus bill (5)

Cali admitted as a free state Utah and New Mexico would be territories with no mention of slavery or restriction Slave trading but not slavery would end in Washington Stronger Fugitive Slave Act Texas surrendered land to New Mexico in return for debts

Who read Calhoun's speech and why

Senator Mason of Virginia as he was ill, soon dead

Leading figures in 1850 Compromise (3)

Senator Douglas Webster Clay

Taylor's attitude to 1850 compromise

Too soft on South, Cali and New Mexico should both be free with no concessions

1850 Nashville Conference turnout

9 slave States sent, 6 didn't | Dominated by moderates

Fillmore's attitude to omnibus bill

More sympathetic to the South | Supported the omnibus bill

Douglas' actions in getting 1850 compromise passed

Submitted each as a separate bill | All passed

Second Nashville convention, Nov 1850

Only half the delegates turned up

Southern state elections in 1851-52

Unionist candidates defeated secessionists

Terms of Fugitive Slave Act

Authorised federal marshals to raise posses to pursue fugitives $1000 fine for not helping Also target fugitives from many years ago

Events of Burns Affair 1854

Boston mob broke into courthouse and killed a guard to rescue fugitive slave Troops had to escort Burns to a ship for removal

State opposition to FSA

9 states passed personal liberty laws | State jails not allowed to keep prisoners

Uncle Tom's Cabin, date and author

1851, Harriet Beecher Stowe

Uncle Tom's Cabin Sales

300,000 in 1852 and 2 million over next 10

1852 Democratic Candidate

Franklin Pierce of New Hampshire, accessible to all factions of the party

Whig candidates for 1852 election

North wanted Gen Scott, eventually chosen on 53rd ballot | South wanted Fillmore

1852 election result

Pierce won 51% and 254 EC votes | Scott won 44% and only 44 EC votes

Change in Whig vote in lower South 1848-54

50% to 35%

Year of Gadsden purchase

1853

Land in Gadsden purchase

Wanted to buy 250,000 square miles but only got 45,000

American attempts at Cuba (3)

Filibuster 1851 Scare Spain into selling Cuba 1853 Ostend Manifesto

Ostend Manifesto terms

If Spain refused to sell, USA could forcibly take control

Reaction to Ostend Manifesto

Leaked to press and denounced by North Fear of a Latin American slave empire Soule, responsible, resigned

Importance of organising a territory

Land cannot be surveyed, sold or developed until organised

Douglas' position in congress

Chairman of the Senate Committee on Territories

Date of Douglas' previous attempt to organise territory

1844

Proposed method of dealing with slavery in Nebraska

Popular sovereignty

Changes to the KNA following Southern opposition

Specific repeal of ban in Nebraska | Divide into Kansas and Nebraska separately

Douglas' motives (2) for KNA

Improved reputation for presidential campaign | Trans-continental railway would improve wealth

Abolitionist propaganda written by Salmon Chase, Jan 1854

The Appeal of the Independent Democrats in Congress to the People of the United States

Northern Democratic vote on KNA

44 for it, 43 against it

Total sectional vote for KNA

90% of South for | 64% of N against

Year Douglas was first in congress

1843

Name for Southern opposition to KNA

F Street Mess

State opposition to KNA (2)

Of 10 Northern state legislators in session, 5 Whig denounced it and 4/5 Democrat refused to endorse it, only Illinois approved

Number of Democrats voting for KNA that were re-elected in the North

Only 7

Problem Of Western Expansion Flashcards

(68 cards)