Prevention Flashcards
(23 cards)
Prevention framework
primary
secondary
tertiary
Universal prevention
P
targeting general public or whole pop group
Selective prevention
P
targeting individuals or subgroups of the population whose risk of developing a mental disorder is significantly higher than that of the rest of the population
Indicated prevention
P
targeting persons at high-risk for mental disorders
Risk factors
genetic - family history MD
biological - substance abuse/brain trauma
family - parental neglect
society - bullying/stigma
Arango et al 2018
Secondary prevention
individuals meeting diagnostic criteria in the early stages of illness
early detection and intervention in patients already meeting diagnostic criteria for a specific mental disorder
provide adequate treatment, improve satisfaction with threatment, reduce substance use and prevent relapses
Primary prevention
efforts to reduce new incidence of mental illness at a population level
Tertiary prevention
interventions for individuals with establish illness
treat established disease to prevent deterioration, disability and secondary condition
e.g., exercise-based intervention or stop smoking if poor MH
Promotion
process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health (WHO, 1986)
promoting psychological wellbeing
strengthen ability to adapt to adversity and build resilience and competence
Strength-based programme
be more resilient
improve perceptions of self-worth
enhance mental well-being
MST4Life
St Basils
inputs - skill building, challenging/meaningful activities, positive relationships
short-term outcomes - increase thriving (resilience and well-being), decrease unhealthy/risky behaviours
long-term outcome - education, employment, training
Mental health promotion leads to
reducetion in mental illness symptoms
e.g., suicidal ideation and attempts
Cognitive dissonance
attitudes, behaviours and beliefs do not align
mental discomfort
take actions to reduce feelings of discomfort
challenge appearance norms (Voelker et al., 2019)
Mindful self-compassion
mindfulness - being present/relate to experiences
self-compassion - touched by suffering/alleviate/concern
(Neff and Germer, 2012)
aware of reactions
cope effectively
Martin et al, 2002 study
improve help-seeking
more positive attitudes and greater intentions to seek help
5x complete complimentary consultation
3x seek help from any source
2x refer a friend to seek help
Athlete mental health and well-being
focus mainly on building mental health literacy
awareness of signs of mental ill health
need for comprehensive intervention framework/model of care
“ pointless and unsafe if systems respond to athlete’s needs not available” Purcell et al., 2019
Guiding principle
macrosystem - national sporting environment
exosystem - individual sport
microsystem - coaches/peers/family
Comprehensive framework of prevention and promotion
Haggerty and Mrazek, 1994
preventative or foundational component
indicated (at-risk) prevention components
early intervention
specialist mental health care
Preventative components
mental health literacy
individual focused development programs - workshops delivered by qualified practitioners (Purcell et al., 2019)
mental health screening
MHL
athlete-specific and general risk factors that can increase susceptibility to mental ill-health
key signs or symptoms of impaired wellbeing
how and from whom to seek both within and outside sport
basic techniques for athletes to self-manage transient mood states or psychological distress
Selective/indicated prevention
role coaches:
early symptom identification
promote help-seeking
need for training protocols, guides and resources
referral pathways
individual tailored based on case formulation of presenting problem
structured clinical interventions, including pharmacotherapy
