Primate Survey Flashcards by hadi alrihani

What are the two suborders of primates?

Strepsirhines and Haplorhines

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the primary distribution of Lorisiformes?

Asia and Africa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the biological species concept?

Animals that cannot interbreed and produce viable young are considered separate species

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the suffixes for superfamily, family, and subfamily?

*Superfamily: -oidea
*family: -idae
*subfamily: -inae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are common characteristics of Strepsirhines?

*Only found in Old World
*Mostly Nocturnal
*Wet nose (rhinarium)
*mobile ears
*inexpressive faces
*grooming claw

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the main mode of locomotion for Strepsirhines?

Vertical clinging and leaping

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where are Lemuriformes primarily found, and why?

Madagascar.
Could not survive on mainland due to competition and human hunting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the main families within Lorisiformes?

*Lorisidae
*Galagidae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cheirogaleidae

*Lemuriformes
*Omnivorous
*Nocturnal
*Smallest primates

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lepilemuridae

*Lemuriformes
*Folivorous
*Nocturnal
*Low metabolic rate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lemuridae

*Omnivorous
*Diurnal
*Scent marking

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Indriidae

*Lemuriformes
*Folivorous
*Mixed activity
*Loud wailing calls

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Daubentoniidae

*Lemuriformes
*Insectivorous
*Nocturnal
*claws, long middle finger

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lorisidae

*Nocturnal
*Omnivorous
*Slow, venomous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Galagidae

*Lorisiformes
*Nocturnal
*Omnivorous
*Fast leapers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What distinguishes Haplorhines from Strepsirhines?

Dry noses, expressive faces, and less reliance on olfaction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the characteristics of Tarsiiformes?

*Only found in SE Asia
*Large eyes and ears
*Different eye-brain connection than Strepsirhines
*Elongated tarsus bone
*Monogamous or 1 male-multi female
*Hide their infants in trees

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the characteristics of Platyrrhini?

*Found in Mexico, Central and South America
*Arboreal
*Smaller than OWM
*All have tails
*Variable color vision

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which subfamily includes capuchins and squirrel monkeys?

Cebidae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cebidae characteristics

*Platyrhines
*Omnivorous
*High cognition
*Tool use
*Vocal communication

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pitheciidae characteristics

*Platyrhines
*Folivorous, frugivorous
*Strong pair bonds
*Colorful faces

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which family includes Titis, Sakis, and Uakaris

Pitheciidae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Callitrichidae characteristics

*Platyrhines
*Frugivorous, Insectivorous, sap feeding
*Claws
*Twins, male parental care

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is unique about Callitrichidae’s reproductive behavior?

Study These Flashcards

Rapid reproductive rates producing twins

Which family includes Spider monkeys and howler monkeys

Atelidae

Atelidae characteristics

*Platyrhines *Folivorous, Frugivorous *Loud vocal communicaiton *Prehensile tails

Why do howler monkeys have the smallest relative brains among platyrrhines?

Due to folivorous, low energy diet, and low BMRs

Aotidae(Owl Monkey) characteristics

*Platyrhines *Frugivorous, insectivorous *Nocturnal, large eyes *Male parental care

What adaptations do Colobinae have for their folivorous diet?

Complex stomachs for energy minimization

What is the key difference in dentition between Colobinae and Cercopithecinae?

Colobinae have narrow incisors; Cercopithecinae have broad incisors

What is the primary diet of Lorisiformes?

Insects and fruit

What are the Lemuriformes families

Cheirogaleidae, Daubentoniidae, Lemuridae, Lepilemuridae, Indriidae

What are the Lorisiformes families

Lorisidae, Galagidae

What is a common trait of all Platyrrhines?

All have tails Wide nostrils

What are the Platyrhine families

Cebidae, Pitheciidae Callitrichidae, Atelidae, Aotidae

What is the significance of ischial callosities in Cercopithecinae?

Used for sitting due to repeated contact and friction

How do baboons store food?

Using cheek pouches

What is the primary locomotion mode of Lorises?

Deliberate locomotion

What is the distribution of Catarrhini?

Africa and Asia

What is the primary mode of locomotion for Tarsiiformes?

Vertical clinging and leaping

Patas monkeys

*Fight predators in groups *Fastest cercopithecinae

Baboons

*Social *Omnivorous

Drills and Mandrills

*Males larger than females *Terrestrial, but tree capable *Color change

Colobinae characteristics

*Broad interorbital region *Narrow incisors *High molar cusps *Deep Jaw *Complex stomachs *Long legs, tail, short arms

Cercopithecinae characteristics

*Narrow interorbital region *Broad incisors *Shallow jaw *Low molar cusps *Cheek pouches *Short tails, similar arms and legs

What monkeys are Colobines

Colobus, Langurs, Leaf, and Odd nosed monkeys

Hominoidea characteristics

*No tails *Largest primates *Largest brain to body size ratio *Upright posture *Longer gestation and maturation

Hylobatidae characteristics

*Monogamous *Territorial *Suspensory locomotion

Hylobatidae adaptations

*Long strong arms *long hook like fingers *shortened thumbs *short hind limbs *inflexible spines

Gibbons and Siamangs belong to which family

Hylobatidae

Ponginae(Orangutans)

*Asian great ape(Bornea and Sumatra) *Arboreal *Solitary *Frugivorous *Quadramanual locomotion

Gorillinae(Gorillas)

*African great ape *Highly folivorous

What is Kay's threshold

Only worth being insectivorous if the primate is small itself (<=500 g)

Homininae common characteristics

*Fission-fusion societies *Male philopatric *Knuckle walking and facultative bipedalism *Sexual swelling

Chimpanzee characteristics

*Omnivorous *Hunting *Tool use *Male dominant *Highly aggressive

Bonobo characteristics

*Frugivorous *Hunting *Minimal tool use *Female dominant *Not aggressive *GG rubbing

Catarrhine superfamilies

Cercopithecoidea, Hominoidea

Cercopithecidae subfamilies

Cercopithecinae, Colobinae

Hominidae subfamilies

Ponginae, Gorillidae, Homininae

Primate Survey Flashcards

(59 cards)