Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ANTH311 > Revision 3 > Flashcards

Revision 3 Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the relationship between body size and lifespan in primates

A

Larger-bodied primates tend to live longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long do monkeys and great apes live

A

*monkeys: 15-30 years
*great apes: up to 50 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why do female primates typically live longer than males

A

Males live riskier lives due to dispersal and intra-sexual competition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What percentage of female and male chimpanzees survive to 15 years old

A

*female: 41%
*male: 27%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of birth is common among NHP

A

single, generally unassisted births (except for Callitrichids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which primates are more altricial at birth

A

Strepsirhines: Lemurs and Lorises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which primates are less altricial at birth

A

Haplorhines: Tarsiers, monkeys, and apes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

characteristics of parker mothers

A

*Some Lemurs and lorises
*Short lactation period
*post-partum mating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Characteristics of carrier mothers

A

*Most Haplorhines
*Long lactation period
*no post-partum mating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In which primates are males and older siblings communal carriers

A

Callitrichids and pair living cebids (owl monkeys)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The 4 infant socializing agents

A

Mothers, adult males, allomothers, peers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Maternal care

A

*Mothers nurse their own offspring
*Recognition: visual, auditory, olfactory
*Rare mix ups
*Adoption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Variability in maternal care

A
  1. Age of the mother
  2. Experience(parity)
  3. Rank
  4. Temper of mother/infant
  5. Species differences
  6. Sex of infant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

5 categories of male-infant relationships

A

Use and abuse, tolerance, occasional affiliation, affiliation, intensive caretaking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Intensive caretaking

A

*Males spend large portion of day caretaking
*Shared parental duties
*common in monogamous NWM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Male parental care in Callitrichids

A

Infants spend most time away from mothers with their father

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Paternal prolactin

A

*Males carrying infants have high levels of prolactin
*Inhibits testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Affiliation

A

*Males spend part of day with infants
*Infants form bonds with males
*Males babysit, protect infant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Occasional affiliation and tolerance, plus an example

A

*Males tolerate infants, occasional social interactions
*eg. Japanese and Rhesus macaques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is agonistic buffering

A

Males use infants during conflicts to reduce aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is allomothering

A

Infant care by either female kin or juvenile females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Learning to mother hypothesis

A

Allomother gains parenting experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mother relief hypothesis

A

Allomothers help by reducing the mother’s workload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which species are more egalitarian and encourage allomothering

A

Colobines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which species are more hierarchical and restrict allomothering
Cercopithecines
26
What is the function of play among peers?
Skill development, bonding, learning, stress relief
27
Primary cause of infant mortality in chacma baboons
Tick infestations (50%)
28
Why does infanticide occur in carriers and not parkers
parkers have shorter lactation times and post-partum mating
29
2 strategies juveniles use to survive
minimize time as a juvenile(strepsirhines) or grow slowly (haplorhines)
30
Why is there a high mortality rate for puberty
*aggression from others *difficulty finding food/allies
31
Do NHP experience menopause
Rarely
32
Grandmother hypothesis
Menopause evolved because helping descendants increases inclusive fitness
33
4 components of communication
Signal, motivation, mechanism, function
34
Signal
Observable action
35
Motivation
*Internal state of the animal *Can be inferred from actions or external stimulus
36
Mechanism (proximate causation)
How does the signal affect the receiver
37
Playback experiments on vervets revealed that vervets can...
*identify individuals by vocalization *recognize relationships between kin *produce snake, leapord, and raptor alarm calls
38
Function (absolute causation)
What is the call's job/purpose
39
4 modes of communication
Olfactory, visual, tactile, auditory
40
advantages/disadvantages of olfactory communication (scent marking)
*leaves message after sender has left *Subject to wind/rain *advertizes message to anyone
41
4 types of visual signals
Facial expressions, body postures, tail postures, coloration
42
What function does grooming serve
maintaining social bonds, reduce tension, remove parasites
43
Metabolic cost of primate brains
20%, despite only being 2% of body weight
44
What does the social intelligence hypothesis suggest
Large brains evolved to navigate complex social groups
45
What does the ecological intelligence hypothesis suggest
Frugivores and extractive foragers should have larger neocortexes than folivores
46
Which primates have routine trichromacy
Humans, apes, OWM, howlers
47
Which primates have dichromacy
Tarsiers, many lemurs
48
Which primates have polymorphic vision
NWM, some lemurs
49
Which primates have monochromacy
owl monkeys, lorises, some lemurs
50
traits of monochromats
Nocturnal, insectivorous
51
traits of dichromats
better at seeing camoflauge
52
traits of trichromats
frugivorous/folivorous, can locate red/yellow fruits
53
General taste preferences of primates
sweet, salty, umami; avoid bitter and sour
54
Auditory range in primates
Larger bodied primates perceive a lower range, whereas smaller primates perceive a higher pitches
55
3 R's of animal research
Reduce, refine, replace
56
What is allopatry, what is an example
Species living in non-overlapping geographic areas (Ex. Lemurs and Lorises)
57
What is sympatry, what is an example
Species living in overlapping areas - leads to competition (Ex. spiders, howlers, capuchins)
58
What is niche divergence
Species reduce competition by occupying different ecological niches
59
2 benefits of polyspecific associations
1. Foraging efficiency 2. Predator protection
60
What roles do primates play in plant ecology
Predators, pollinators, dispersers
61
What is the IUCN
International Union for Conservation of Nature - classifies species' risk of extinction
62
Who decides what is endangered
IUCN, COSEWIC, NatureServe
63
What is a keystone species
A species with a disproportionate impact on their ecosystem despite their smaller abundance
64
What is an umbrella species
A species whose conservation benefits the ecosystem at large due to their range or habitat requirements
65
What is an indicator species
A species whose health is indicative of the health of their environment
66
What is a foundation species
A dominant primary producer in an ecosystem that is both abundant and creates habitat for other species
67
What is a flagship species
A highly charismatic species that inspires support from the public for conservation
68
Which intrinsic factors affect primate vulnerability
*social system *behaviour * life history *diet *body size *home range size *geographic distribution *population size
69
Which extrinsic factors affect vulnerability
environmental and demographic variation, as well as anthropogenic factors
70
Which anthropogenic factors affect vulnerability
*Deforestation *Wild meat hunting *live primate trade *disease *human overpopulation
71
Primate conservation techniques
*Sustainable crop production *captive breeding/reintroduction *habitat production *education *OneHealth holistic conservation
72

ANTH311 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions