priority deck 2020 Flashcards

1
Q

amlodipine

A

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE and ANTIANGINAL

calcium channel blocker: inhibits Ca influx across cardiac and smooth muscle

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2
Q

clonazepam

A

ANTICONVULSANT - (benzodiazepine)

indicated for various seizures, panic disorder, akasthesia

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3
Q

tamoxifen citrate

A

ANTINEOPLASTIC THAT ALTERS HORMONE BALANCE

advanced premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer

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4
Q

diclofenac

A

NSAID
indications: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, primary dysmenorrhea, acute migraine.
Voltaren at al.

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5
Q

risendronate

A

AGENT AFFECTING CALCIUM and BONE METABOLISM

indications include postmenopausal osteoporosis

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6
Q

frusemide

A

DIURETIC
(loop diuretic - inhibits sodium and chlorine reabsorption in the kidneys)
indications include acute pulmonary oedema, oedema, hypertension.
Lasix

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7
Q

atorvastatin

A

HYPOLIPADAEMIC

indications - adjunct to diet to decrease LDL, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels

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8
Q

warfarin

A

ANTICOAGULANT
indications: prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism associated with DVT, MI, et al.
inhibits vitamin K-dependent activation of clotting factors

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9
Q

enoxaparin

A

ANTICOAGULANT
indications: prevention of pulmonary embolism and DVT following hip/knee replacement surgery or abdominal surgery
Clexane (usually 40mg but adjusted for weight)

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10
Q

cefalotin

A

ANTI-INFECTIVE - CEPHALOSPORIN
(it’s an antibiotic)
route is IM or IV

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11
Q

salbutamol

A
BRONCHODILATOR
prevention or treatment of bronchospasm 
prevention of exercise-induced asthma 
also used for the prevention of premature labour
Ventolin
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12
Q

enalapril

A

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE - ace inhibitor

indications: hypertension; management of symptomatic heart failure

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13
Q

digoxin

A

ANTIARRHYTHMIC

indications: heart failure, paroxysmal SVT, atrial fibrillation and flutter

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14
Q

metoclopramide

include cautions

A

ANTIEMETIC - dopamine receptor antagonist

blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ, also increases gastric motility

PO, IV, IM

use cautiously in patients with depression, Parkinson’s, hypertension

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15
Q

telmisartan

A

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE

angiotensin-II inhibitor (ARB - angiotensin receptor blocker)

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16
Q

colecalciferol/cholecalciferol

A

vitamin D3, promotes absorption of calcium and phosphate

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17
Q

thiamine

A

vitamin B1, combines with ATP to form a coenzyme needed for carb metabolism

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18
Q

esomeprazole

A

ANTIULCER
treatment of GORD
brandname is Nexium (only one)

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19
Q

amitryptiline

A

ANTIDEPRESSANT: Tricyclic
TCAs increase the amount of noradrenaline or serotonin or both by blocking their reuptake by presynaptic neurons (action unknown)

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20
Q

Targin

A

NARCOTICS AND OPIOID ANALGESICS

Targin is a combo of oxycodone hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride at a rate of 2:1

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21
Q

-axine

A

antidepressant: SNRI

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22
Q

-azepam

A

sedative: benzodiazepine

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23
Q

-azole

A

antifugal

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24
Q

-caine

A

local anasthetic

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25
-cam
NSAID: COX-2 inhibitor eg. meloxicam (osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis)
26
-cillin
antibiotic: penicillin
27
-cog
coagulation factor
28
-coxhib
NSAID: COX-2 inhibitor
29
-curium
neuromuscular blocker
30
-curonium
neuromuscular blocker
31
-cycline
antibiotic: tetracycline
32
-dopa
dopamine-related
33
-dronate
bisphosphonate
34
-fenac
NSAID
35
-fibrozil
antihyperlipidaemic: fibrate
36
-floxacin
antibiotic: quinolone
37
-glitazone
antihyperglyaemic: -glitazone
38
-globulin
immunoglobulin
39
-grel
antiplatelet
40
-ide
diuretic
41
-lukast
antileukotriene
42
oxycodone
NARCOTICS AND OPIOID ANALGESICS Endone, OxyContin, OxyNorm for full analgesic effect, administer before pain is intense give after meals/with milk to avoid GI upset 10mg PO oxycododone equivalent to 20mg PO morphine
43
-mab
immunoglobulin (immunomodulator)
44
-nib
antineoplastic
45
-nitrate
nitrates
46
-olol
beta blocker
47
-opram
antidepressant - SSRI
48
-oxetine
antidepressant - SNRI
49
--oxacin
antibiotic - Quinolone
50
-pam
benzodiazepine
51
-penem
antibiotic - cardapenem
52
-dipine
antihypertensive CCB
53
-pramine
antidepressant - TCA
54
-prazole
PPI - proton pump inhibitor
55
-pril
antihypertensive - ACE inhibitor
56
-salazine
aminosalicylate
57
-sartan
antihypertensive - ARB
58
-setron
antiemetic - 5HT3-antagonist
59
-solone
corticosteroid
60
-sone
corticosteroid
61
-statin
antihyperlipidaemic
62
-terol
LABA (long-acting beta agonist)
63
-tidine
H2 antagonist
64
-tretinoin
retinoid
65
-triptan
antidepressant - SSRI
66
-tyline
antidepressant - TCA
67
-vir
antiviral
68
-zolamide
CAI (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
69
-zosin
alpha one blocker
70
clopidogrel
ANTI PLATELET to reduce atherosclerotic events in people with recent CVA, MI or peripheral artery disease
71
nifedipine
ANTI ANGINAL hypertension, anginas thought to inhibit calcium influx across cardiac and smooth muscle cells
72
ondansetron
ANTIEMETIC used esp. chemotherapy and prevention and treatment of post-op nausea and vomiting action: selective antagonist of 5-HT3 serotonin receptor in CNS and PNS
73
docusate sodium
LAXATIVE stool softener eg. Coloxyl also used as an OTIC med for facilitation of cerumen removal
74
bisacodyl
LAXATIVE used prior to rectal/bowel exams, preparation for surgery etc action: works on smooth muscle increases peristalsis
75
insulin aspart
ANTIDIABETIC Novorapid ultra-short acting (rapid acting) generally 50% - 70% of daily requirement is taken as Novorapid, the rest is taken as intermediate acting or long-acting
76
insulin glargine
ANTIDIABETIC Lantus long acting (basal) insulin
77
metronidazole
AMEOBICIDES AND ANTIPROTOZOALS | also a local anti-infective
78
atropine
ANTICHOLINERGIC (antimuscarinic) blocks vagal effect at SA and AV nodes, thereby increasing heart rate *used as a premed for anaesthetic procedures, when reversing neuromuscular blockades and to treat bradychardia with haemodynamic compromise
79
benztropine
ANTIPARKINSONIAN anticholinergic
80
omeprazole
ANTIULCER treatment of ulcers and GORD proton pump inhibitor, blocks gastric acid formation
81
chlorpromazine
ANTIPSYCHOTIC treatment of psychosis, but also nausea and vomiting as well as tetanus, intractable hiccups, adjunct to surgery action unknown, may block dopamine receptors in synapses in brain
82
prednisolone
CORTICOSTEROID used to treat severe inflammation, also a range of other conditions including asthma, croup, ulcerative colitis, crohn's disease, nephrotic syndrome and many more
83
tramadol
NARCOTIC/OPIOID binds to opioid receptors, also inhibits reuptake of noradrenaline and serotonin it's synthetic, and not chemically related to opiates
84
haloperidol
ANTIPSYCHOTIC for treatment of psychoses, also non-psychotic behaviour disorders in children as well as tourette's can also be used to treat nausea and vomiting associated with radiation/malignancy probably blocks postsynaptic dopamine receptors in brain
85
gelofusine
used as an IV colloid behaves like blood filled with albumins - causes an increase in blood volume, blood flow, cardiac output, and oxygen transportation
86
levetiracetam
ANTICONVULSANT adjunct therapy for partial onset seizures action unknown, believed to be due to binding with synaptic vesicle protein 2A in CNS
87
ciprofloxacin
ANTI-INFECTIVE (ANTIBIOTIC) fluoroquinolone used to treat various infections including UTIs and respiratory.
88
methotrexate
ANTIMETABOLITE chemotherapy drug used in various cancers as well as for autoimmune diseases, ectopic pregnancy and medical abortions
89
perindopril
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension and CHF
90
metoprolol
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE beta blocker used to treat hypertension, angina and as early intervention in acute MI also used as migraine prophylaxis
91
teriflunomide
IMMUNOMODIFIER used to manage MS (reduces relapse frequency, delays physical disability progression) trade name Aubagio
92
magmin
magnesium aids in relief of muscle cramps and spasms and nervous tension
93
sotalol
ANTIARRHYTHMIC beta blocker that slows sinus heart rate and AV conduction, decreases cardiac output and lowers systolic and diastolic BPs
94
pantoprazole
ANTIULCER proton pump inhibitor (suppresses gastric acid secretion) used to treat ulcers inc. helicobacter pylori, reflux oesophagitis, and GORD
95
cetirizine
ANTIHISTAMINE Zyrtec inhibits peripheral H1 receptors, treatment of seasonal rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria
96
diazepam
ANTIANXIETY / ANTICONVULSANT Valium etc benzodiazepine that depresses the CNS at limbic and subcortical levels of brain. suppresses spread of seizure activity
97
atenolol
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE hypertension / angina/ prophylaxis for MI beta blocker: decreases cardiac output, peripheral resistance, renin secretion
98
tapentadol
NARCOTICS AND OPIOID ANALGESICS binds with opioid receptors
99
What does APINCHS stand for
``` Antimicrobials Potassium and other electrolytes Insulin Narcotics and other sedatives Chemotherapeutic agents Heparin and other anticoagulants Systems ```
100
Which drugs fall under A in the APINCHS Classification of High Risk Medicines?
A for antimicrobials aminoglycosides: gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin vancomycin amphotericin – liposomal formulation
101
Which drugs fall under P in the APINCHS Classification of High Risk Medicines?
P is for potassium and other electrolytes Injections of concentrated electrolytes: potassium, magnesium, calcium, hypertonic sodium chloride
102
Which drugs fall under C in the APINCHS Classification of High Risk Medicines?
C is for chemotherapeutic agents vincristine, methotrexate, etoposide, azathioprine Oral chemotherapy
103
Which drugs fall under N in the APINCHS Classification of High Risk Medicines?
N is for narcotics (opioids) and other sedatives: hydromorphone, oxycodone, morphine, fentanyl, alfentanil, remifentanil and analgesic patches benzodiazepines: diazepam, midazolam thiopentone, propofol and other short term anaesthetics
104
Which drugs fall under H in the APINCHS Classification of High Risk Medicines?
H is for heparin and other anticoagulants: warfarin, enoxaparin, heparin direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs): dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban
105
buspirone
ANXIOLYTIC - not related to benzodiazepines for short term treatment of anxiety (up to 1 month) binds to dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors in the CNS but no effect on GABA antianxiety effects, without sedative, antiepileptic, muscle relaxant effects doesn't cause dependence
106
propranolol
beta blocker - blocks beta-adrenergic receptors in the CNS and in peripheral cardiac and pulmonary systems ``` varied indications: non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic antanginal hypertension migraines to reduce mortality after MI essential tremor ```
107
cephazolin:
cephalosporin antibiotic serious infections - respiratory, biliary and GU tracts; skin, soft-tissue, bone and joint; septicaemia; endocarditis IV or IM
108
morphine
opioid analgesic binds to opiate receptor in CNS, altering perception of/emotional response to pain (mechanism unknown) severe pain PO, IV, IM, SC, epidural, intrathecal
109
Aside from patency, what other assessments are involved when caring for a patient with an IV cannula? (6)
``` erythema tenderness pain swelling dressing integrity PIVC position ```
110
body temp (tympanic): normal range
35.5 - 37.5 (adult)
111
what is the primary survey approach?
``` Airways Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure ```
112
what is assessed under E in an A-E assessment?
Exposure: body temperature skin integrity signs of pressure injury wounds, dressings or drains, invasive lines ability to transfer and mobilise bowel movements
113
what is assessed under D in an A-E assessment?
Disability: level of consciousness speech pain
114
what is assessed under C in an A-E assessment?
Circulation: pulse rate and rhythm blood pressure urine output
115
what is assessed under B in an A-E assessment?
Breathing: respiratory rate work of breathing oxygen saturation
116
ketones - normal range?
acceptable range for blood ketones <0.6 mmol/L. 0. 6 and 1.5 mmol/L: recheck blood glucose and ketones in 2-4 hours 1. 5 and 3.0 mmol/L: may be at risk for developing ketoacidosis more than 3.0 mmol/L requires immediate emergency treatment.
117
seven rights of medication administration?
``` right patient right drug right dose right time right route right reason right documentation ```
118
extra rights of med admin?
``` right response right to refuse right education right assessment right of the patient to know ```
119
expected urine output?
0.5ml/kg/hr
120
what is BUN?
blood urea nitrogen
121
what is urea?
waste produced in the liver as a byproduct of protein metabolism
122
what is creatinine?
waste product from muscle breakdown
123
creatinine normal range?
110μmol/L for males (0.11mmol/L) 90μmol/L (0.09mmol/L) for females
124
normal GFR?
90 ml/min or more
125
urine specific gravity: normal range?
between 1.010 and 1.020 or 1.030 if your kidneys are functioning normally. The higher the number, the more dehydrated you may be.