Privaton/instituation

Question 1

psychologist associated with privation/institutionalisation

Answer 1

rutter

Question 2

what is institutionalisation

Answer 2

• a period of time spent living away from home eg an orphanage
• adequate physical care provided there would generally not be any provision of emotional care

Question 3

what is privation

Answer 3

refers to situations where a child has not ever formed an attachment

Question 4

main situation where privation occurs

Answer 4

when a child has been institutionalised

Question 5

what does privation due to institutionalisation lead to

Answer 5

• clinging, dependant behaviour
• disinhibted attachment
• reduced empathy
• inabilty to form lasting relationships/ follow rules
• impaired langauge and social skills

Question 6

describe aim and procedure of romanian orphan studies

Answer 6

aim:
assess whether loving a nurturing care could overturn the effects of privation the children had suffered in romanian orphanages

procedure:
- ongoing longitudinal study 111 romanian orphans who had suffered an extreme lack of physical and emotional care before adoption by british families
- assessed on arrival in britian and then 4, 6 and 11

3 conditions
- children adopted before the age of 6 months
- children adopted between 6 months and 2 years
- children adopted after 2 years

Question 7

findings of romanian orphan studies

Answer 7

inital assessment
- 50% of the romanian were delayed in cognitive functioning at intial assessment and most where underweight, control groups didnt show these deficits

age 4 assessment
- RO showed great improvements in physical and cognitive development
- those adopted into 6 months showed normal levels of development compared to control
- adopted after 6 months had difficulty forming attachments showed indiscriminate friendlessness
- worst problem those adopted after 2 years

age 6 follow up
- improvements maintaineds but not advanced upon
- stilla tachemnt problems asooicuited with institutionlisation more so in thsoe where endured longer institutionlitation
- 20% showed normal functioning
- a substantial number of children were securely attached to an adoptive parents but continued tp show disinhibited attachment

age 11 follow up
- normal levels of functioning in most
- 50% showing disinhibted attachment at age 6 still doing so

Question 8

Define disinhibted attachment

Answer 8

interacts with and seeks attention from all adults equally whether familar or a stranger

Question 9

supporting reaserch into instituationlsion

Answer 9

chisholm
proceudyure + findings:
- 3 year post adoption
- romainan orphans who spent more than 6 months in an institutation before being adopted by canadian families
- exhibited more disinhibted attachment behviours than either birth children or romainan children adopted at younger than 4 months

cocnculsion:
- negtive effect of institutation can be overcome by sensitive nurting care
- extent at which effect can be overcome depends on the age of adoption
- earlier adoption age better recovery

Question 10

strengths of romanian orpan studies

Answer 10

reliable
- both studies consistent findings
- high reliablity

real life application
- show importance of early adoption
- today most babies are adopted within the first weeekk of birth
- reaserch shows that adoptive mother and child are just as securly attached as non adoptive mother and children
- emphaiss on providing emotional care within institutions

Question 11

weakness of romanaian orphan studies

Answer 11

only one factor
- ropmanian orphans faced terrible physical conditions and lack of coggnitive stimulation as well as lack of emotional care
- difficult to seperate out the effects of these 3 factor and their development

children where not studied whilst in romain orphanges
- not able to state which aspect of privation was most influential