Producing new cells

Question 1

what is a diploid cell

Answer 1

a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes

Question 2

how much does each set of human chromosomes have

Answer 2

23- one set
46- two sets

Question 3

what is a chromosome complement

Answer 3

the typical number of chromosomes in a cell of an organism

Question 4

what is a diploid chromosome complement

Answer 4

total number of chromosomes in 2 sets

Question 5

events of mitosis

Answer 5

1. In the original parent cell, the chromosomes replicate and double. Forming 2 identical chromatids joined in the centre by a centromere.
2. The nuclear membrane breaks down and the chromosomes shorten and thicken, becoming visible under a microscope.
3. The chromatids line up along the equator of the cell.
4. Spindle fibres attach to the chromatids.
5. Spindle fibres shorten pulling the chromatids apart to opposite poles of the cell.
6. The cytoplasm divides and a nuclear membrane forms.
7. 2 diploid cells produced, containing the same genetic information as the original parent cell.

Question 6

Describe the relationship between the genetic material in the parent cell compared to the two daughter cells.

Answer 6

The daughter cells have the same genetic information as the original parent cell

Question 7

Which cells in the human body are diploid?

Answer 7

Most cells (the exception being the gametes) in the human body are diploid.

Question 8

Name the two processes that mitosis provides new cells for.

Answer 8

growth and repair

Question 9

Why is mitosis important in chromosome complement?

Answer 9

Mitosis maintains the diploid chromosome complement of the new cells.

Question 10

what is a stem cell

Answer 10

A stem cell in animals is an unspecialised cell that can divide to self-renew or become specialised. They have the potential to become any cell type in the body.

Question 11

what are the 2 types of stem cell

Answer 11

embryonic stem cells are taken from an embryo at a very early stage.
Tissue stem cells are found in the body throughout life.

Question 12

Why do cells become specialised?

Answer 12

Cells become specialised to give rise to a variety of cells, each with a particular function.

Question 13

Describe the role of an organ, explaining the terms tissue, organ and organ system

Answer 13

An organ contains cells specialised for a particular function.
A tissue is a group of cells.
An organ is a group of tissues.
An organ system is a group of organs.

Question 14

What is the equation that shows the hierarchy of organ systems?

Answer 14

cells-tissues-organs-organ systems