Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell type that lacks a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
What are some key structural features of MOST prokaryotic cells?
Cell wall, circular DNA (not in a nucleus), plasmids, ribosomes, flagella, capsule
What is the function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
Provides support and shape, and protection against the external environment.
What is the role of plasmids in prokaryotic cells?
They contain non-essential genes, such as those for antibiotic resistance.
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?
Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller (70S) compared to eukaryotic ribosomes (80S).
How do prokaryotic cells divide?
By binary fission, where the circular DNA replicates and the cell splits into two identical daughter cells.
What is the function of a capsule in some prokaryotic cells?
Helps to protect the cell from the host’s immune system.
What is the genetic material in prokaryotic cells?
Circular DNA
What are flagella and what do they do?
Long, tail-like structures that allow prokaryotic cells to move.
How does the process of binary fission ensure that each daughter cell receives a copy of the circular DNA?
The circular DNA replicates, and then both copies are attached to the cell membrane before the cell divides.
What is the name of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
Murein
What is the term for the small, circular DNA molecules found in some prokaryotes?
Plasmids
What structures are absent in prokaryotic cells, compared to eukaryotic cells?
Membrane-bound organelles, linear DNA, large ribosomes
Give two features of all prokaryotic cells that are not features of eukaryotic cells
They have circular DNA and they have no membrane bound organelles
