Cell Specialisation And Organisation Flashcards
(16 cards)
What are specialised cells?
These are cells with certain features that allow them to carry out a particular function.
What is a tissue?
This is a group of similar cells working together to carry out a particular function.
What is a cell?
The smallest, basic unit of life; the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
What is an organ?
This is a group of tissues working together to carry out a particular function.
What is an organ system?
This is a group of organs working together to carry out a particular function.
Define eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic: Larger, membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.
Prokaryotic: Smaller, no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
Define cell differentiation
The process by which unspecialized cells become specialized for a specific function
How are sperm cells specialized?
Have a tail (flagellum) for movement, an acrosome for penetrating the egg, and a nucleus with half the usual number of chromosomes
How are root hair cells specialized?
Have a large surface area for efficient absorption of water and minerals.
How are red blood cells specialized?
Are biconcave discs, have no nucleus, and contain hemoglobin for oxygen transport.
Give an example of a tissue.
Epithelial tissue, muscular tissue, connective tissue.
Give an example of an organ.
Heart, lung, stomach
Give an example of an organ system.
Digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system
How are xylem cells specialized?
Dead, hollow tubes, reinforced with lignin for transporting water and minerals.
How are phloem cells specialized?
Alive, with companion cells, for transporting sugars and other organic molecules.
How are guard cells specialized?
Surround stomata, control gas exchange and water loss.
