pros and cons of AI

Question 1

Precision medicine can help with:

Answer 1

cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorder, psychiatry treatments

acronym CCNP

Question 2

A study found that black patients indicated ____ levels of pain that could not be described by their x-rays

Answer 2

Higher

Question 3

Why does 97% of healthcare data go unused?

Answer 3

Because it is unstructured

Question 4

What system was designed to categorize clinical AI research published on the Medline database? (showed 25.3% of medical papers were in oncology)

Answer 4

NLP system

Question 5

Without AI, why does 97% of healthcare data go unused?

Answer 5

It’s unstructured

Question 6

Which 2 fields rely heavily on imaging for diagnosis?

Answer 6

Oncology and neurology

acronym ON

Question 7

What was the original problem of the Sepsis Watch, when used in Duke University’s Hospital?

Answer 7

Alarm fatigue - doctors ignored alerts sent by nurses

Question 8

What app improved the Thrombolysis service in the Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust? What did the app do?

Answer 8

Brainomix: uses ML to view brain CT scans anywhere on the app

Question 9

By how much did Brainomix reduce time for diagnosis and referral?

Answer 9

By 75%

Question 10

What percent of Americans surveyed by Gallup in 2018 believe that AI will eliminate more healthcare jobs than it creates?

Answer 10

71%

Question 11

Which healthcare professions are most likely to lose their jobs with the rise of AI in healthcare & why?

Answer 11

Radiologists and pathologists because of the digitisation & high volume of data available

Question 12

Why is it difficult to identify bias in AI?

Answer 12

Because it is a ‘black box’ (the internal workings as it generates output from input is unknown)

Question 13

What percent of English hospitals still use paper records in 2018?

Answer 13

23%

Question 14

What type of bias occurs when data is not representative of the entire population or is biased in some way?

Answer 14

Data bias

Question 15

What type of bias occurs when the algorithm itself is biased, resulting in unfair outcomes?

Answer 15

Algorithmic bias

Question 16

How does user bias occur?

Answer 16

It occurs when users introduce their personal biases into a system and thus receive biased results or implement results in biased ways

Question 17

Procedural fairness can combat what type of bias?

Answer 17

Algorithmic bias (when a system has procedural fairness, the processes used to make decisions are considered fair)

Question 18

What type of fairness is concerned with the outcomes of decisions?

Answer 18

Distributive fairness

Question 19

If a system is representationally fair, what type of bias is it unlikely to exhibit?

Answer 19

Data bias

Question 20

What are examples of legislation that restrict the collection, use, and sharing of personal information in an attempt to protect patients? (thus slowing the innovation of AI in healthcare)

Answer 20

The General Computational Regulations of Europe and the Health Research Regulations

GCRE, HRR

Question 21

Organizations are advised to keep their data in systems compliant with which 2 regulations?

Answer 21

HIPAA (health insurance portability and accountability act) and GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)

Question 22

What are CISOs?

Answer 22

Chief Information Security Officers

Question 23

Why are health records uniquely targeted by hackers and bad actors?

Answer 23

Because they are very important and vulnerable

Question 24

What percent of respondents in a YouGov poll in 2021 stated they would not be willing to receive any AI service?

Answer 24

34%

Question 25

When an AI model was trained and was inputted falsified images, how often was the AI model fooled?

Answer 25

69.1% of the time