Prostate Cancer Flashcards
(16 cards)
How does prostate cancer commonly present?
Obstructive symptoms on voiding similar to BPH or with a palpable lesion on examination
What is the best initial test for prostate cancer?
Transrectal core biopsy
What is the most accurate test for prostate cancer?
Transrectal core biopsy
How is prostate cancer graded?
Gleason grading: measure of aggressiveness or malignant potential
What does a higher gleason grade suggest?
Greater benefit of surgical removal
What are some common complications of Prostatectomy?
Erectile Dysfunction
Urinary Incontinence
What drugs help control the size and progression of metastastes once they have occurred?
Flutamide, GnRH agonists, Ketoconazole and Orchiectomy
What is the mechanism of Abiraterone?
Inhibits 17-hydroxylase to stops production of all androgens in the body: Decreases the progression of mets and reduces risk of death by 30%
What is a common side effect of radiaton?
Diarrhea
What lowers mortality in metastatic prostate cancer?
Hormone Manipulators; Abiraterone, Enzalutamide, apalutamide
What does PSA correspond to?
The volume of cancer: higher the PSA the greater the risk of cancer
Why is PSA controversial?
Normal PSA does not exclude prostate cancer
there is no clear mortality benefit with PSA
PSA it not routinely offered to patients
What do you do if you find a palpable mass on exam?
Biopsy the mass
What do you do if there is an elevated PSA and no palpable mass on exam?
Transrectal US
What do you do if PSA is elevated, there is no palpable mass, and transrectal US identifies a mass?
Biopsy the mass
What do you do if PSA is elevated, there is no palpable mass and transrectal US does not ID a mass?
Multiple blind biopsies
